Inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine elicits several overlapping waves of T cell response

The development and implementation of vaccines have been growing exponentially, remaining one of the major successes of healthcare over the last century. Nowadays, active regular immunizations prevent epidemics of many viral diseases, including tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Along with the generatio...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 970285
Main Authors: Sycheva, Anastasiia L., Komech, Ekaterina A., Pogorelyy, Mikhail V., Minervina, Anastasia A., Urazbakhtin, Shamil Z., Salnikova, Maria A., Vorovitch, Mikhail F., Kopantzev, Eugene P., Zvyagin, Ivan V., Komkov, Alexander Y., Mamedov, Ilgar Z., Lebedev, Yuri B.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 24.08.2022
Subjects:
Antibodies, Viral
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
clonal expansion
Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne
Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - prevention & control
Humans
immunological memory
Immunology
T cell immune response
TBE vaccination
TCR motif
TCR repertoire
Viral Vaccines
TBE vaccination
tick-borne encephalitis
TCR motif
T cell immune response
immunological memory
clonal expansion
TCR repertoire
ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Summary:The development and implementation of vaccines have been growing exponentially, remaining one of the major successes of healthcare over the last century. Nowadays, active regular immunizations prevent epidemics of many viral diseases, including tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Along with the generation of virus-specific antibodies, a highly effective vaccine should induce T cell responses providing long-term immune defense. In this study, we performed longitudinal high-throughput T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to characterize changes in individual T cell repertoires of 11 donors immunized with an inactivated TBE vaccine. After two-step immunization, we found significant clonal expansion of both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, ranging from 302 to 1706 vaccine-associated TCRβ clonotypes in different donors. We detected several waves of T cell clonal expansion generated by distinct groups of vaccine-responding clones. Both CD4 + and CD8 + vaccine-responding T cell clones formed 17 motifs in TCRβ sequences shared by donors with identical HLA alleles. Our results indicate that TBE vaccination leads to a robust T cell response due to the production of a variety of T cell clones with a memory phenotype, which recognize a large set of epitopes.
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Edited by: Veronika Zarnitsyna, Emory University, United States
Reviewed by: Rama S Akondy, Ashoka University, India; Tatjana Avsic Zupanc, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
This article was submitted to T Cell Biology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.970285