Exosomes Recovered From the Plasma of COVID-19 Patients Expose SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Derived Fragments and Contribute to the Adaptive Immune Response

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become...

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Vydané v:	Frontiers in immunology Ročník 12; s. 785941
Hlavní autori:	Pesce, Elisa, Manfrini, Nicola, Cordiglieri, Chiara, Santi, Spartaco, Bandera, Alessandra, Gobbini, Andrea, Gruarin, Paola, Favalli, Andrea, Bombaci, Mauro, Cuomo, Alessandro, Collino, Federica, Cricrì, Giulia, Ungaro, Riccardo, Lombardi, Andrea, Mangioni, Davide, Muscatello, Antonio, Aliberti, Stefano, Blasi, Francesco, Gori, Andrea, Abrignani, Sergio, De Francesco, Raffaele, Biffo, Stefano, Grifantini, Renata
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 17.01.2022
Predmet:	Acute Disease Adaptive Immunity Adult Aged antigen-presenting cells (APCs) COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - immunology exosomes Exosomes - immunology Exosomes - metabolism Female Humans immune activation Immunology Male Middle Aged Plasma SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism soluble mediators in immunity Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - blood Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 soluble mediators in immunity antigen-presenting cells (APCs) exosomes immune activation
ISSN:	1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4 + T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease.
AbstractList	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4 T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4 + T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease.
Author	Santi, Spartaco Gruarin, Paola Cuomo, Alessandro De Francesco, Raffaele Grifantini, Renata Muscatello, Antonio Abrignani, Sergio Favalli, Andrea Pesce, Elisa Bombaci, Mauro Bandera, Alessandra Lombardi, Andrea Biffo, Stefano Cordiglieri, Chiara Mangioni, Davide Manfrini, Nicola Cricrì, Giulia Collino, Federica Gobbini, Andrea Blasi, Francesco Aliberti, Stefano Gori, Andrea Ungaro, Riccardo
AuthorAffiliation	3 Unit of Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” , Bologna , Italy 1 Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi” , Milan , Italy 7 Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH) , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy 6 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy 9 Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Nephro-Urology , Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan , Italy 11 Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center , Milan , Italy 10 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano , Milan , Italy 12 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy 13 Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 8 Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), European Institute of Oncology Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Milan , Italy – name: 5 Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy – name: 10 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano , Milan , Italy – name: 4 Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy – name: 3 Unit of Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” , Bologna , Italy – name: 11 Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center , Milan , Italy – name: 6 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy – name: 13 Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy – name: 1 Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi” , Milan , Italy – name: 12 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy – name: 2 Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy – name: 7 Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH) , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy – name: 9 Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Nephro-Urology , Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan , Italy
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35111156$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	Copyright © 2022 Pesce, Manfrini, Cordiglieri, Santi, Bandera, Gobbini, Gruarin, Favalli, Bombaci, Cuomo, Collino, Cricrì, Ungaro, Lombardi, Mangioni, Muscatello, Aliberti, Blasi, Gori, Abrignani, De Francesco, Biffo and Grifantini. Copyright © 2022 Pesce, Manfrini, Cordiglieri, Santi, Bandera, Gobbini, Gruarin, Favalli, Bombaci, Cuomo, Collino, Cricrì, Ungaro, Lombardi, Mangioni, Muscatello, Aliberti, Blasi, Gori, Abrignani, De Francesco, Biffo and Grifantini 2022 Pesce, Manfrini, Cordiglieri, Santi, Bandera, Gobbini, Gruarin, Favalli, Bombaci, Cuomo, Collino, Cricrì, Ungaro, Lombardi, Mangioni, Muscatello, Aliberti, Blasi, Gori, Abrignani, De Francesco, Biffo and Grifantini
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Snippet	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has...
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SubjectTerms	Acute Disease Adaptive Immunity Adult Aged antigen-presenting cells (APCs) COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - immunology exosomes Exosomes - immunology Exosomes - metabolism Female Humans immune activation Immunology Male Middle Aged Plasma SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism soluble mediators in immunity Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - blood Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Title	Exosomes Recovered From the Plasma of COVID-19 Patients Expose SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Derived Fragments and Contribute to the Adaptive Immune Response
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