Exosomes Recovered From the Plasma of COVID-19 Patients Expose SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Derived Fragments and Contribute to the Adaptive Immune Response

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in immunology Ročník 12; s. 785941
Hlavní autoři: Pesce, Elisa, Manfrini, Nicola, Cordiglieri, Chiara, Santi, Spartaco, Bandera, Alessandra, Gobbini, Andrea, Gruarin, Paola, Favalli, Andrea, Bombaci, Mauro, Cuomo, Alessandro, Collino, Federica, Cricrì, Giulia, Ungaro, Riccardo, Lombardi, Andrea, Mangioni, Davide, Muscatello, Antonio, Aliberti, Stefano, Blasi, Francesco, Gori, Andrea, Abrignani, Sergio, De Francesco, Raffaele, Biffo, Stefano, Grifantini, Renata
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 17.01.2022
Témata:
Acute Disease
Adaptive Immunity
Adult
Aged
antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
COVID-19
COVID-19 - blood
COVID-19 - immunology
exosomes
Exosomes - immunology
Exosomes - metabolism
Female
Humans
immune activation
Immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Plasma
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism
soluble mediators in immunity
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - blood
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
soluble mediators in immunity
antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
exosomes
immune activation
ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Shrnutí:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4 + T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease.
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This article was submitted to Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Edited by: Laura Maggi, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
Reviewed by: Lucio Barile, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Theresa L. Whiteside, University of Pittsburgh, United States
These authors have contributed equally to this work
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.785941