Obesity, Diabetes and COVID-19: An Infectious Disease Spreading From the East Collides With the Consequences of an Unhealthy Western Lifestyle

The pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has had a global impact not seen for an infectious disease for over a century. This acute pandemic has spread from the East and has been overlaid onto a slow pandemic of metabolic diseases of obesity and diabetes consequent from the in...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) Ročník 11; s. 582870
Hlavní autori: Holly, Jeff M. P., Biernacka, Kalina, Maskell, Nick, Perks, Claire M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 17.09.2020
Predmet:
Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification
Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology
Coronavirus Infections - immunology
Coronavirus Infections - virology
COVID-19
COVID−19
diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology
Disease Susceptibility
Endocrinology
Humans
Life Style
obesity
Obesity - physiopathology
pandemic (COVID-19)
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology
Pneumonia, Viral - immunology
Pneumonia, Viral - virology
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2
COVID−19
pandemic (COVID-19)
diabetes
obesity
ISSN:1664-2392, 1664-2392
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Shrnutí:The pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has had a global impact not seen for an infectious disease for over a century. This acute pandemic has spread from the East and has been overlaid onto a slow pandemic of metabolic diseases of obesity and diabetes consequent from the increasing adoption of a Western-lifestyle characterized by excess calorie consumption with limited physical activity. It has become clear that these conditions predispose individuals to a more severe COVID-19 with increased morbidity and mortality. There are many features of diabetes and obesity that may accentuate the clinical response to SARS-CoV-2 infection: including an impaired immune response, an atherothrombotic state, accumulation of advanced glycation end products and a chronic inflammatory state. These could prime an exaggerated cytokine response to viral infection, predisposing to the cytokine storm that triggers progression to septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure. Infection leads to an inflammatory response and tissue damage resulting in increased metabolic activity and an associated increase in the mechanisms by which cells ingest and degrade tissue debris and foreign materials. It is becoming clear that viruses have acquired an ability to exploit these mechanisms to invade cells and facilitate their own life-cycle. In obesity and diabetes these mechanisms are chronically activated due to the deteriorating metabolic state and this may provide an increased opportunity for a more profound and sustained viral infection.
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This article was submitted to Clinical Diabetes, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology
Edited by: Stefan Zoltán Lutz, Bad Sebastiansweiler, Germany
Reviewed by: Norbert Stefan, University of Tübingen, Germany; Andreas Peter, Tübingen University Hospital, Germany
ISSN:1664-2392
1664-2392
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2020.582870