Contamination of Aflatoxins Induces Severe Hepatotoxicity Through Multiple Mechanisms

Aflatoxins (AFs) are commonly contaminating mycotoxins in foods and medicinal materials. Since they were first discovered to cause “turkey X” disease in the United Kingdom in the early 1960s, the extreme toxicity of AFs in the human liver received serious attention. The liver is the major target org...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in pharmacology Ročník 11; s. 605823
Hlavní autori: Hua, Zhenglai, Liu, Rui, Chen, Youwen, Liu, Guangzhi, Li, Chenxi, Song, Yurong, Cao, Zhiwen, Li, Wen, Li, Weifeng, Lu, Cheng, Liu, Yuanyan
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 11.01.2021
Predmet:
aflatoxins
cell death
cell survival pathway
hepatotoxicity
miRNA
mitochondria
Pharmacology
aflatoxins
cell death
cell survival pathway
inflammation
hepatotoxicity
mitochondria
miRNA
ISSN:1663-9812, 1663-9812
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Shrnutí:Aflatoxins (AFs) are commonly contaminating mycotoxins in foods and medicinal materials. Since they were first discovered to cause “turkey X” disease in the United Kingdom in the early 1960s, the extreme toxicity of AFs in the human liver received serious attention. The liver is the major target organ where AFs are metabolized and converted into extremely toxic forms to engender hepatotoxicity. AFs influence mitochondrial respiratory function and destroy normal mitochondrial structure. AFs initiate damage to mitochondria and subsequent oxidative stress. AFs block cellular survival pathways, such as autophagy that eliminates impaired cellular structures and the antioxidant system that copes with oxidative stress, which may underlie their high toxicities. AFs induce cell death via intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways and influence the cell cycle and growth via microribonucleic acids (miRNAs). Furthermore, AFs induce the hepatic local inflammatory microenvironment to exacerbate hepatotoxicity via upregulation of NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammasome assembly in the presence of Kupffer cells (liver innate immunocytes). This review addresses the mechanisms of AFs-induced hepatotoxicity from various aspects and provides background knowledge to better understand AFs-related hepatoxic diseases.
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This article was submitted to Predictive Toxicology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology
Mohammad Waseem, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute Of Science And Technology, India
Edited by: Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab, National Research Center, Egypt
Aziza Mohamed Hassan, National Research Center, Egypt
Samir Abbès, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
Reviewed by: Sekena Hassanien Abdel-Aziem, National Research Center, Egypt
ISSN:1663-9812
1663-9812
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2020.605823