Plant Antiviral Immunity Against Geminiviruses and Viral Counter-Defense for Survival

The family includes plant-infecting viruses whose genomes are composed of one or two circular non-enveloped ssDNAs(+) of about 2.5-5.2 kb each in size. These insect-transmissible geminiviruses cause significant crop losses across continents and pose a serious threat to food security. Under the contr...

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Published in:Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 10; p. 1460
Main Author: Kumar, R. Vinoth
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 26.06.2019
Subjects:
antiviral response
hormone signaling
macromolecular trafficking
Microbiology
post-translational modification
vector transmission
virus
viral pathogenesis
vector transmission
hormone signaling
macromolecular trafficking
post-translational modification
virus
antiviral response
ISSN:1664-302X, 1664-302X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The family includes plant-infecting viruses whose genomes are composed of one or two circular non-enveloped ssDNAs(+) of about 2.5-5.2 kb each in size. These insect-transmissible geminiviruses cause significant crop losses across continents and pose a serious threat to food security. Under the control of promoters generally located within the intergenic region, their genomes encode five to eight ORFs from overlapping viral transcripts. Most proteins encoded by geminiviruses perform multiple functions, such as suppressing defense responses, hijacking ubiquitin-proteasomal pathways, altering hormonal responses, manipulating cell cycle regulation, and exploiting protein-signaling cascades. Geminiviruses establish complex but coordinated interactions with several host elements to spread and facilitate successful infection cycles. Consequently, plants have evolved several multilayered defense strategies against geminivirus infection and distribution. Recent studies on the evasion of host-mediated resistance factors by various geminivirus proteins through novel mechanisms have provided new insights into the development of antiviral strategies against geminiviruses. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning virus movement within and between cells, as well as the recent advances in our understanding of the biological roles of virus-encoded proteins in manipulating host-mediated responses and insect transmission. This review also highlights unexplored areas that may increase our understanding of the biology of geminiviruses and how to combat these important plant pathogens.
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Edited by: Henryk Hanokh Czosnek, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
This article was submitted to Virology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
Reviewed by: Ana Grande-Pérez, Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Hortofruticultura La Mayora (IHSM), Spain; Michel Peterschmitt, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), France
ISSN:1664-302X
1664-302X
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01460