Identification of Immune-Related Therapeutically Relevant Biomarkers in Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Transcriptome-Wide Analysis: A Clinical Prospective Study
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies that target CSCs specifically have provided initial results; however, the mechanism of act...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in oncology Vol. 10; p. 554138 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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24.02.2021
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| ISSN: | 2234-943X, 2234-943X |
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| Abstract | Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies that target CSCs specifically have provided initial results; however, the mechanism of action of these strategies is unclear. The data were requested from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression, followed with the survival analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to detect survival and stemness related genes. Patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status by applying single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) with proven dependability by ESTIMATE analysis. The filtered key genes were analyzed using oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, qRT-PCR, and functional analysis. Patients in a group with a higher stemness and a lower immune infiltration showed a worse overall survival probability, stemness and immune infiltration characteristics of breast cancer progressed in a non-linear fashion. Thirteen key genes related to stemness and immunity were identified and the functional analysis indicated their crucial roles in cell proliferation and immune escape strategies. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of
PIMREG
and
MTFR2
differed in different stages of patients. Our study revealed a promising potential for CSC-target immunotherapy in the early stage of cancer and a probable value for
PIMREG
and
MTFR2
as biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies that target CSCs specifically have provided initial results; however, the mechanism of action of these strategies is unclear. The data were requested from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression, followed with the survival analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to detect survival and stemness related genes. Patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status by applying single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) with proven dependability by ESTIMATE analysis. The filtered key genes were analyzed using oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, qRT-PCR, and functional analysis. Patients in a group with a higher stemness and a lower immune infiltration showed a worse overall survival probability, stemness and immune infiltration characteristics of breast cancer progressed in a non-linear fashion. Thirteen key genes related to stemness and immunity were identified and the functional analysis indicated their crucial roles in cell proliferation and immune escape strategies. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of PIMREG and MTFR2 differed in different stages of patients. Our study revealed a promising potential for CSC-target immunotherapy in the early stage of cancer and a probable value for PIMREG and MTFR2 as biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies that target CSCs specifically have provided initial results; however, the mechanism of action of these strategies is unclear. The data were requested from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression, followed with the survival analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to detect survival and stemness related genes. Patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status by applying single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) with proven dependability by ESTIMATE analysis. The filtered key genes were analyzed using oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, qRT-PCR, and functional analysis. Patients in a group with a higher stemness and a lower immune infiltration showed a worse overall survival probability, stemness and immune infiltration characteristics of breast cancer progressed in a non-linear fashion. Thirteen key genes related to stemness and immunity were identified and the functional analysis indicated their crucial roles in cell proliferation and immune escape strategies. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of and differed in different stages of patients. Our study revealed a promising potential for CSC-target immunotherapy in the early stage of cancer and a probable value for and as biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies that target CSCs specifically have provided initial results; however, the mechanism of action of these strategies is unclear. The data were requested from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression, followed with the survival analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to detect survival and stemness related genes. Patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status by applying single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) with proven dependability by ESTIMATE analysis. The filtered key genes were analyzed using oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, qRT-PCR, and functional analysis. Patients in a group with a higher stemness and a lower immune infiltration showed a worse overall survival probability, stemness and immune infiltration characteristics of breast cancer progressed in a non-linear fashion. Thirteen key genes related to stemness and immunity were identified and the functional analysis indicated their crucial roles in cell proliferation and immune escape strategies. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of PIMREG and MTFR2 differed in different stages of patients. Our study revealed a promising potential for CSC-target immunotherapy in the early stage of cancer and a probable value for PIMREG and MTFR2 as biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies that target CSCs specifically have provided initial results; however, the mechanism of action of these strategies is unclear. The data were requested from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression, followed with the survival analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to detect survival and stemness related genes. Patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status by applying single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) with proven dependability by ESTIMATE analysis. The filtered key genes were analyzed using oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, qRT-PCR, and functional analysis. Patients in a group with a higher stemness and a lower immune infiltration showed a worse overall survival probability, stemness and immune infiltration characteristics of breast cancer progressed in a non-linear fashion. Thirteen key genes related to stemness and immunity were identified and the functional analysis indicated their crucial roles in cell proliferation and immune escape strategies. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of PIMREG and MTFR2 differed in different stages of patients. Our study revealed a promising potential for CSC-target immunotherapy in the early stage of cancer and a probable value for PIMREG and MTFR2 as biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy.Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies that target CSCs specifically have provided initial results; however, the mechanism of action of these strategies is unclear. The data were requested from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression, followed with the survival analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to detect survival and stemness related genes. Patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status by applying single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) with proven dependability by ESTIMATE analysis. The filtered key genes were analyzed using oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, qRT-PCR, and functional analysis. Patients in a group with a higher stemness and a lower immune infiltration showed a worse overall survival probability, stemness and immune infiltration characteristics of breast cancer progressed in a non-linear fashion. Thirteen key genes related to stemness and immunity were identified and the functional analysis indicated their crucial roles in cell proliferation and immune escape strategies. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of PIMREG and MTFR2 differed in different stages of patients. Our study revealed a promising potential for CSC-target immunotherapy in the early stage of cancer and a probable value for PIMREG and MTFR2 as biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. |
| Author | Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Linbang Liu, Wei Tan, Jinxiang Yin, Xuedong Tai, Jiaojiao Liu, Jingkun |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China 2 Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an , China 3 Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China – name: 3 Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China – name: 2 Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Linbang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Linbang – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Wei – sequence: 3 givenname: Jingkun surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Jingkun – sequence: 4 givenname: Yuanyuan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yuanyuan – sequence: 5 givenname: Jiaojiao surname: Tai fullname: Tai, Jiaojiao – sequence: 6 givenname: Xuedong surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Xuedong – sequence: 7 givenname: Jinxiang surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Jinxiang |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33718103$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrep_2024_101897 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_956869 crossref_primary_10_1080_01443615_2023_2216280 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_687778 crossref_primary_10_2174_0115665232325395241018103006 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_12506 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12010_024_05161_5 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0303909 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells14141073 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1038/s41467-019-09853-z 10.18632/aging.102442 10.18632/oncotarget.23152 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.03.002 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.07.011 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2048 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.11.004 10.1242/jcs.233379 10.1038/srep04002 10.1007/s00401-017-1702-1 10.1002/jcp.22279 10.1002/ijc.31357 10.1038/nrc2212 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.66 10.3390/cancers11122002 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.001 10.1002/jcp.26878 10.1002/jcb.27891 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.01.011 10.3390/cancers9100134 10.1038/s41419-018-0486-0 10.1007/s12282-019-00991-2 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.07.004 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.006 10.1038/s41598-017-04823-1 10.1200/jco.2009.27.5388 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.019 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006683 10.3390/ijms17122077 10.1038/s41467-018-04313-6 10.3389/fonc.2019.00903 10.1007/s10549-018-4834-7 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.008 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.04.006 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.003 10.1002/stem.2039 10.1038/s41467-018-07767-w 10.1371/journal.pone.0211291 10.1038/srep02473 10.3322/caac.21412 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0253 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.008 10.1007/s13402-015-0249-1 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2021 Wang, Liu, Liu, Wang, Tai, Yin and Tan. Copyright © 2021 Wang, Liu, Liu, Wang, Tai, Yin and Tan 2021 Wang, Liu, Liu, Wang, Tai, Yin and Tan |
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| Keywords | tumor immune infiltration breast cancer MTFR2 cancer stem cell PIMREG |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2021 Wang, Liu, Liu, Wang, Tai, Yin and Tan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Zhifang Zhang, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, United States; Giovanni Porta, University of Insubria, Italy Edited by: Sofia Diana Merajver, University of Michigan, United States This article was submitted to Cancer Molecular Targets and Therapeutics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Snippet | Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subset of tumor cells that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis of tumors. These cells are resistant to... |
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| SubjectTerms | breast cancer cancer stem cell MTFR2 Oncology PIMREG tumor immune infiltration |
| Title | Identification of Immune-Related Therapeutically Relevant Biomarkers in Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Transcriptome-Wide Analysis: A Clinical Prospective Study |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33718103 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2501478251 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7945036 https://doaj.org/article/9d0b930259464b868aae91bbc7af1dfb |
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