Phylogeography and evolution of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in China

[Display omitted] •The most common host species for IHN disease in China is rainbow trout.•40 IHNV isolates from 13 Chinese fish farms in 9 provinces were 98–100% identical.•In phylogenies Chinese IHNV form a monophyletic clade within the J genogroup.•Spatial clustering shows IHNV maintenance and di...

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Published in:Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol. 131; pp. 19 - 28
Main Authors: Xu, Liming, Zhao, Jingzhuang, Liu, Miao, Kurath, Gael, Breyta, Rachel B., Ren, Guangming, Yin, Jiasheng, Liu, Hongbai, Lu, Tongyan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2019
Subjects:
amino acid sequences
ancestry
China
Chinese fish virus
farms
genes
glycoproteins
IHNV
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
Molecular epidemiology
monophyly
pathogens
phylogeography
Rhabdovirus
salmon
Salmonidae
Virus genotype
virus transmission
viruses
China
Molecular epidemiology
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
Rhabdovirus
Chinese fish virus
IHNV
Virus genotype
ISSN:1055-7903, 1095-9513, 1095-9513
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Summary:[Display omitted] •The most common host species for IHN disease in China is rainbow trout.•40 IHNV isolates from 13 Chinese fish farms in 9 provinces were 98–100% identical.•In phylogenies Chinese IHNV form a monophyletic clade within the J genogroup.•Spatial clustering shows IHNV maintenance and diversification in Chinese fish farms.•There is also phylogenetic evidence for virus transmission between distant provinces in China. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a well-known rhabdoviral pathogen of salmonid fish. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of 40 IHNV viruses isolated from thirteen fish farms in nine geographically dispersed Chinese provinces during 2012 to 2017 is presented. Identity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among all the complete glycoprotein (G) genes from Chinese isolates was 98.0–100% and 96.7–100%, respectively. Coalescent phylogenetic analyses revealed that all the Chinese IHN virus characterized in this study were in a monophyletic clade that had a most recent common ancestor with the J Nagano (JN) subgroup within the J genogroup of IHNV. Within the Chinese IHNV clade isolates obtained over successive years from the same salmon fish farm clustered in strongly supported subclades, suggesting maintenance and diversification of virus over time within individual farms. There was also evidence for regional virus transmission within provinces, and some cases of longer distance transmission between distant provinces, such as Gansu and Yunnan. The data demonstrated that IHNV has evolved into a new subgroup in salmon farm environments in China, and IHNV isolates are undergoing molecular evolution within fish farms. We suggest that Chinese IHNV comprises a separate JC subgroup within the J genogroup of IHNV.
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ISSN:1055-7903
1095-9513
1095-9513
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.030