Acute viral hepatitis – Should the current screening strategy be modified?

The epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the UK. At the same time, hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognised as an increasin...

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Vydané v:	Journal of clinical virology Ročník 59; číslo 3; s. 184 - 187
Hlavní autori:	Harvala, Heli, Wong, Vincent, Simmonds, Peter, Johannessen, Ingolfur, Ramalingam, Sandeep
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.03.2014
Predmet:	Acute Disease Acute hepatitis Adult Alanine Transaminase - blood Allergy and Immunology CMV Cohort Studies EBV Female HAV Hepatitis E Hepatitis, Viral, Human - diagnosis Hepatitis, Viral, Human - epidemiology Hepatitis, Viral, Human - virology Humans Infectious Disease Male Middle Aged United Kingdom - epidemiology Virology - methods Virology - statistics & numerical data Virus Virus EBV Hepatitis E Acute hepatitis HAV CMV
ISSN:	1386-6532, 1873-5967, 1873-5967
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Abstract	The epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the UK. At the same time, hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available. The aim of this study was to establish the viral causes of acute hepatitis, and use that data to modify the current diagnostic algorithm. A Cognos search was performed to collate subjects tested for HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV and CMV between June 2010 and December 2012. Information included virological result and their ALT level if done within 5 days from virological testing. From 3462 subjects with suspected acute viral hepatitis, only 25% had biochemical evidence of acute hepatitis (n=854; ALT>100IU/l). The frequency of detection of acute HEV infection (25/409) was over 31-times higher than that of HAV (6/3462), and 7-times higher than that of HBV (24/3462). Most cases of acute HAV, HEV, EBV and CMV infections presented with abnormal ALT levels. Most EBV infections were associated with lymphadenopathy (23/34); in comparison most of CMV infections were not associated with lymphadenopathy (18/22). HEV screening should be included in the initial testing panel for acute hepatitis and screening at least for HAV and HEV might be limited to those with abnormal ALT levels.
AbstractList	The epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the UK. At the same time, hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available. The aim of this study was to establish the viral causes of acute hepatitis, and use that data to modify the current diagnostic algorithm. A Cognos search was performed to collate subjects tested for HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV and CMV between June 2010 and December 2012. Information included virological result and their ALT level if done within 5 days from virological testing. From 3462 subjects with suspected acute viral hepatitis, only 25% had biochemical evidence of acute hepatitis (n=854; ALT>100IU/l). The frequency of detection of acute HEV infection (25/409) was over 31-times higher than that of HAV (6/3462), and 7-times higher than that of HBV (24/3462). Most cases of acute HAV, HEV, EBV and CMV infections presented with abnormal ALT levels. Most EBV infections were associated with lymphadenopathy (23/34); in comparison most of CMV infections were not associated with lymphadenopathy (18/22). HEV screening should be included in the initial testing panel for acute hepatitis and screening at least for HAV and HEV might be limited to those with abnormal ALT levels. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the UK. At the same time, hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available.BACKGROUNDThe epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the UK. At the same time, hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available.The aim of this study was to establish the viral causes of acute hepatitis, and use that data to modify the current diagnostic algorithm.OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to establish the viral causes of acute hepatitis, and use that data to modify the current diagnostic algorithm.A Cognos search was performed to collate subjects tested for HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV and CMV between June 2010 and December 2012. Information included virological result and their ALT level if done within 5 days from virological testing.STUDY DESIGNA Cognos search was performed to collate subjects tested for HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV and CMV between June 2010 and December 2012. Information included virological result and their ALT level if done within 5 days from virological testing.From 3462 subjects with suspected acute viral hepatitis, only 25% had biochemical evidence of acute hepatitis (n=854; ALT>100IU/l). The frequency of detection of acute HEV infection (25/409) was over 31-times higher than that of HAV (6/3462), and 7-times higher than that of HBV (24/3462). Most cases of acute HAV, HEV, EBV and CMV infections presented with abnormal ALT levels. Most EBV infections were associated with lymphadenopathy (23/34); in comparison most of CMV infections were not associated with lymphadenopathy (18/22).RESULTSFrom 3462 subjects with suspected acute viral hepatitis, only 25% had biochemical evidence of acute hepatitis (n=854; ALT>100IU/l). The frequency of detection of acute HEV infection (25/409) was over 31-times higher than that of HAV (6/3462), and 7-times higher than that of HBV (24/3462). Most cases of acute HAV, HEV, EBV and CMV infections presented with abnormal ALT levels. Most EBV infections were associated with lymphadenopathy (23/34); in comparison most of CMV infections were not associated with lymphadenopathy (18/22).HEV screening should be included in the initial testing panel for acute hepatitis and screening at least for HAV and HEV might be limited to those with abnormal ALT levels.CONCLUSIONSHEV screening should be included in the initial testing panel for acute hepatitis and screening at least for HAV and HEV might be limited to those with abnormal ALT levels. Abstract Background The epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the UK. At the same time, hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available. Objectives The aim of this study was to establish the viral causes of acute hepatitis, and use that data to modify the current diagnostic algorithm. Study design A Cognos search was performed to collate subjects tested for HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV and CMV between June 2010 and December 2012. Information included virological result and their ALT level if done within 5 days from virological testing. Results From 3462 subjects with suspected acute viral hepatitis, only 25% had biochemical evidence of acute hepatitis ( n = 854; ALT > 100 IU/l). The frequency of detection of acute HEV infection (25/409) was over 31-times higher than that of HAV (6/3462), and 7-times higher than that of HBV (24/3462). Most cases of acute HAV, HEV, EBV and CMV infections presented with abnormal ALT levels. Most EBV infections were associated with lymphadenopathy (23/34); in comparison most of CMV infections were not associated with lymphadenopathy (18/22). Conclusions HEV screening should be included in the initial testing panel for acute hepatitis and screening at least for HAV and HEV might be limited to those with abnormal ALT levels.
Author	Johannessen, Ingolfur Harvala, Heli Simmonds, Peter Ramalingam, Sandeep Wong, Vincent
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24472576$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cgh_2020_07_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmi_2017_02_026 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_87171_5 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_1270483 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bjid_2021_101655 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjh_15133 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nmni_2015_12_001 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0146906 crossref_primary_10_2217_fmb_14_89 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcv_2014_08_016 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0146046 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0128703 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_737486 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani11082290 crossref_primary_10_1080_17474124_2022_2101996 crossref_primary_10_1097_PAT_0000000000000229 crossref_primary_10_1097_MEG_0000000000000781 crossref_primary_10_1093_occmed_kqv154
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Snippet	The epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the incidence of acute... Abstract Background The epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. Since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B in 1980s, the...
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SubjectTerms	Acute Disease Acute hepatitis Adult Alanine Transaminase - blood Allergy and Immunology CMV Cohort Studies EBV Female HAV Hepatitis E Hepatitis, Viral, Human - diagnosis Hepatitis, Viral, Human - epidemiology Hepatitis, Viral, Human - virology Humans Infectious Disease Male Middle Aged United Kingdom - epidemiology Virology - methods Virology - statistics & numerical data Virus
Title	Acute viral hepatitis – Should the current screening strategy be modified?
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