Metal Phosphides: Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Reactivity

The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of supported metal phosphides are reviewed. Reduction of metal compounds together with phosphate is a convenient method to prepare metal phosphides, but requires high temperature. Reduction with phosphite, hypophosphite, or phosphine and the...

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Vydané v:	Catalysis letters Ročník 142; číslo 12; s. 1413 - 1436
Hlavní autori:	Prins, Roel, Bussell, Mark E.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Boston Springer US 01.12.2012 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Bimetals Catalysis Catalysts Catalytic activity Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Colloidal state and disperse state Degassing of metals Exact sciences and technology General and physical chemistry High temperature Hydrogen sulfide Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Metal compounds Metals Nanoparticles Noble metals Organometallic Chemistry Perspective Phosphates Phosphides Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena Physical Chemistry Reduction Reduction (metal working) Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry LEED Ni Bimetallic phosphides Phosphine STM Ni Noble metal phosphides High temperature reduction Phosphite Trialkylphosphine P Phosphate HDS, HDN, HDO Hypophosphite Low temperature reduction Phosphates Plasma Support Nanoparticle X ray Selectivity Review Biomass High temperature Characterization Chemical reduction Scanning tunneling microscopy Synthesis Phosphites Upgrading Noble metal Photoelectron spectrometry Chemical reactivity Low temperature Catalytic reaction Hydrotreating Hypophosphites Metal particle Heterogeneous catalysis Preparation Fuel Density functional method Catalyst
ISSN:	1011-372X, 1572-879X
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Shrnutí:	The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of supported metal phosphides are reviewed. Reduction of metal compounds together with phosphate is a convenient method to prepare metal phosphides, but requires high temperature. Reduction with phosphite, hypophosphite, or phosphine and the plasma reduction of phosphate can be carried out at lower temperatures, which leads to smaller metal phosphide particles and more active catalysts. Organometallic routes allow the separate synthesis of metal phosphide nanoparticles, which have to be added to the support in a second step. LEED, STM, XPS, and DFT studies have shown that the surfaces of Ni 2 P reconstruct to P-rich surfaces. The investigation of metal phosphides as catalysts for hydrotreating reactions continues to be a topic of considerable research with recent advances realized in using bimetallic and noble metal phosphides to achieve high activities and tailored selectivities. Finally, hydrodeoxygenation catalysis over metal phosphides is a growing area of research given the need to develop catalysts for upgrading biomass to transportation fuels. Graphical Abstract
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ISSN:	1011-372X 1572-879X
DOI:	10.1007/s10562-012-0929-7