Metal Phosphides: Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Reactivity

The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of supported metal phosphides are reviewed. Reduction of metal compounds together with phosphate is a convenient method to prepare metal phosphides, but requires high temperature. Reduction with phosphite, hypophosphite, or phosphine and the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Catalysis letters Vol. 142; no. 12; pp. 1413 - 1436
Main Authors: Prins, Roel, Bussell, Mark E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Boston Springer US 01.12.2012
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Bimetals
Catalysis
Catalysts
Catalytic activity
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Colloidal state and disperse state
Degassing of metals
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
High temperature
Hydrogen sulfide
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Metal compounds
Metals
Nanoparticles
Noble metals
Organometallic Chemistry
Perspective
Phosphates
Phosphides
Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena
Physical Chemistry
Reduction
Reduction (metal working)
Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry
LEED Ni
Bimetallic phosphides
Phosphine
STM Ni
Noble metal phosphides
High temperature reduction
Phosphite
Trialkylphosphine
P
Phosphate
HDS, HDN, HDO
Hypophosphite
Low temperature reduction
Phosphates
Plasma
Support
Nanoparticle
X ray
Selectivity
Review
Biomass
High temperature
Characterization
Chemical reduction
Scanning tunneling microscopy
Synthesis
Phosphites
Upgrading
Noble metal
Photoelectron spectrometry
Chemical reactivity
Low temperature
Catalytic reaction
Hydrotreating
Hypophosphites
Metal particle
Heterogeneous catalysis
Preparation
Fuel
Density functional method
Catalyst
ISSN:1011-372X, 1572-879X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of supported metal phosphides are reviewed. Reduction of metal compounds together with phosphate is a convenient method to prepare metal phosphides, but requires high temperature. Reduction with phosphite, hypophosphite, or phosphine and the plasma reduction of phosphate can be carried out at lower temperatures, which leads to smaller metal phosphide particles and more active catalysts. Organometallic routes allow the separate synthesis of metal phosphide nanoparticles, which have to be added to the support in a second step. LEED, STM, XPS, and DFT studies have shown that the surfaces of Ni 2 P reconstruct to P-rich surfaces. The investigation of metal phosphides as catalysts for hydrotreating reactions continues to be a topic of considerable research with recent advances realized in using bimetallic and noble metal phosphides to achieve high activities and tailored selectivities. Finally, hydrodeoxygenation catalysis over metal phosphides is a growing area of research given the need to develop catalysts for upgrading biomass to transportation fuels. Graphical Abstract
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ISSN:1011-372X
1572-879X
DOI:10.1007/s10562-012-0929-7