Normal cerebral perfusion measurements using arterial spin labeling: Reproducibility, stability, and age and gender effects

Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter‐ and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the n...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Magnetic resonance in medicine Jg. 51; H. 4; S. 736 - 743
Hauptverfasser:	Parkes, Laura M., Rashid, Waqar, Chard, Declan T., Tofts, Paul S.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.04.2004
Schlagworte:	Adult age Age Factors Aged arterial spin labeling Brain - blood supply Cerebral Arteries - physiology cerebral perfusion Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Female Follow-Up Studies Frontal Lobe - blood supply gender Humans Image Enhancement - methods Linear Models Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Middle Aged Parietal Lobe - blood supply reproducibility Reproducibility of Results Sex Factors Spin Labels
ISSN:	0740-3194, 1522-2594
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter‐ and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the noninvasive MRI technique of continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL). Perfusion was measured in 34 healthy normal subjects. Intersubject variability was assessed, and age and gender contributions were estimated. Intersubject variation was found to be large, with up to 100% perfusion difference for subjects of the same age and gender. Repeated measurements in one subject showed that perfusion remains remarkably stable in the short term when compared with intersubject variation and the large capacity for perfusion change in the brain. A significant decrease in the ratio of gray‐matter to white‐matter perfusion was found with increasing age (0.79% per year (P < 0.0005)). This appears to be due mainly to a reduction in gray‐matter perfusion, which was found to decrease by 0.45% per year (P = 0.04). Regional analysis suggested that the gray‐matter age‐related changes were predominantly localized in the frontal cortex. Whole‐brain perfusion was 13% higher (P = 0.02) in females compared to males. Magn Reson Med 51:736–743, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AbstractList	Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter- and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the noninvasive MRI technique of continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL). Perfusion was measured in 34 healthy normal subjects. Intersubject variability was assessed, and age and gender contributions were estimated. Intersubject variation was found to be large, with up to 100% perfusion difference for subjects of the same age and gender. Repeated measurements in one subject showed that perfusion remains remarkably stable in the short term when compared with intersubject variation and the large capacity for perfusion change in the brain. A significant decrease in the ratio of gray-matter to white-matter perfusion was found with increasing age (0.79% per year (P < 0.0005)). This appears to be due mainly to a reduction in gray-matter perfusion, which was found to decrease by 0.45% per year (P = 0.04). Regional analysis suggested that the gray-matter age-related changes were predominantly localized in the frontal cortex. Whole-brain perfusion was 13% higher (P = 0.02) in females compared to males.Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter- and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the noninvasive MRI technique of continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL). Perfusion was measured in 34 healthy normal subjects. Intersubject variability was assessed, and age and gender contributions were estimated. Intersubject variation was found to be large, with up to 100% perfusion difference for subjects of the same age and gender. Repeated measurements in one subject showed that perfusion remains remarkably stable in the short term when compared with intersubject variation and the large capacity for perfusion change in the brain. A significant decrease in the ratio of gray-matter to white-matter perfusion was found with increasing age (0.79% per year (P < 0.0005)). This appears to be due mainly to a reduction in gray-matter perfusion, which was found to decrease by 0.45% per year (P = 0.04). Regional analysis suggested that the gray-matter age-related changes were predominantly localized in the frontal cortex. Whole-brain perfusion was 13% higher (P = 0.02) in females compared to males. Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter‐ and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the noninvasive MRI technique of continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL). Perfusion was measured in 34 healthy normal subjects. Intersubject variability was assessed, and age and gender contributions were estimated. Intersubject variation was found to be large, with up to 100% perfusion difference for subjects of the same age and gender. Repeated measurements in one subject showed that perfusion remains remarkably stable in the short term when compared with intersubject variation and the large capacity for perfusion change in the brain. A significant decrease in the ratio of gray‐matter to white‐matter perfusion was found with increasing age (0.79% per year (P < 0.0005)). This appears to be due mainly to a reduction in gray‐matter perfusion, which was found to decrease by 0.45% per year (P = 0.04). Regional analysis suggested that the gray‐matter age‐related changes were predominantly localized in the frontal cortex. Whole‐brain perfusion was 13% higher (P = 0.02) in females compared to males. Magn Reson Med 51:736–743, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter- and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the noninvasive MRI technique of continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL). Perfusion was measured in 34 healthy normal subjects. Intersubject variability was assessed, and age and gender contributions were estimated. Intersubject variation was found to be large, with up to 100% perfusion difference for subjects of the same age and gender. Repeated measurements in one subject showed that perfusion remains remarkably stable in the short term when compared with intersubject variation and the large capacity for perfusion change in the brain. A significant decrease in the ratio of gray-matter to white-matter perfusion was found with increasing age (0.79% per year (P < 0.0005)). This appears to be due mainly to a reduction in gray-matter perfusion, which was found to decrease by 0.45% per year (P = 0.04). Regional analysis suggested that the gray-matter age-related changes were predominantly localized in the frontal cortex. Whole-brain perfusion was 13% higher (P = 0.02) in females compared to males. Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter‐ and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the noninvasive MRI technique of continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL). Perfusion was measured in 34 healthy normal subjects. Intersubject variability was assessed, and age and gender contributions were estimated. Intersubject variation was found to be large, with up to 100% perfusion difference for subjects of the same age and gender. Repeated measurements in one subject showed that perfusion remains remarkably stable in the short term when compared with intersubject variation and the large capacity for perfusion change in the brain. A significant decrease in the ratio of gray‐matter to white‐matter perfusion was found with increasing age (0.79% per year ( P < 0.0005)). This appears to be due mainly to a reduction in gray‐matter perfusion, which was found to decrease by 0.45% per year ( P = 0.04). Regional analysis suggested that the gray‐matter age‐related changes were predominantly localized in the frontal cortex. Whole‐brain perfusion was 13% higher ( P = 0.02) in females compared to males. Magn Reson Med 51:736–743, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Author	Parkes, Laura M. Rashid, Waqar Chard, Declan T. Tofts, Paul S.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Laura M. surname: Parkes fullname: Parkes, Laura M. email: laura.parkes@fcdonders.kun.nl organization: NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Waqar surname: Rashid fullname: Rashid, Waqar organization: NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Declan T. surname: Chard fullname: Chard, Declan T. organization: NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul S. surname: Tofts fullname: Tofts, Paul S. organization: NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15065246$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Brain 1990; 113: 27-47. Kwong KK, Belliveau JW, Chesler DA, Goldberg IE, Weisskoff RM, Poncelet BP, Kennedy DN, Hoppel BE, Cohen MS, Turner R, Cheng HM, Brady TJ, Rosen BR. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 5675-5679. Schreiber WG, Gückel F, Stritzke P, Schmiedek P, Schwartz A, Brix G. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve capacity: estimation by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 1143-1156. Yen YF, Field AS, Martin EM, Ari N, Burdette JH, Moody DM, Takahashi AM. Test-retest reproducibility of quantitative CBF measurements using FAIR perfusion MRI and acetazolamide challenge. Magn Reson Med 2002; 47: 921-928. Yamaguchi T, Kanno I, Uemura K, Shishido F, Inugami A, Ogawa T, Murakami M, Suzuki K. Reduction in regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during human aging. Stroke 1986; 17: 1220-1228. 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Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cerebral blood flow with acetazolamide challenge in patients with cerebrovascular stenosis. Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 10: 870-875. Meyer JS, Ishihara N, Deshmukh VD, Naritomi H, Sakai F, Hsu MC, Pollack P. Improved metod for noninvasive measurement of regional blood flow by 133Xenon inhalation. Part I: description of method and normal values obtained in healthy volunteers. Stroke 1978; 9: 195-205. Pakkenberg B, Gundersen HJG. Neocortical neuron number in humans: effect of sex and age. J Comp Neurol 1997; 384: 312-320. Shaw T, Mortel K, Meyer J, Rogers R, Hardenberg J, Cutaia M. Cerebral blood flow changes in benign aging and cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 855-862. Creasey H, Rapoport SI. The aging human brain. Ann Neurol 1985; 17: 2-10. Bland JM, Altman DG. Measurement error. BMJ 1996; 312: 1654. Herscovitch P, Raichle ME, Kilbourn MR, Welch MJ. 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J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13: 748-754. 1997; 278 1989; 20 1979; 36 2000; 47 1991; 11 1980; 46 1995; 34 1987; 7 1986; 17 2002 1995; 2 1978; 9 1981; 20 1974; 5 1979; 72 1993; 13 1998; 18 1985; 17 2002; 47 2002; 48 1987; 21 2001 1984; 15 1997; 384 2000; 54 1984; 34 1986; 6 1999; 10 1998; 208 1990; 113 1996; 312 1979; 163 1992; 89 1979; 60 1956; 3 2000; 181 1966 1948; 27 e_1_2_7_5_2 e_1_2_7_4_2 e_1_2_7_3_2 e_1_2_7_2_2 e_1_2_7_9_2 e_1_2_7_8_2 e_1_2_7_7_2 e_1_2_7_6_2 e_1_2_7_19_2 e_1_2_7_18_2 e_1_2_7_17_2 e_1_2_7_15_2 e_1_2_7_14_2 e_1_2_7_40_2 e_1_2_7_13_2 e_1_2_7_41_2 e_1_2_7_12_2 e_1_2_7_11_2 e_1_2_7_10_2 e_1_2_7_26_2 e_1_2_7_27_2 e_1_2_7_28_2 Gottstein U (e_1_2_7_33_2) 1979; 72 Sokoloff L (e_1_2_7_29_2) 1966 e_1_2_7_25_2 e_1_2_7_24_2 e_1_2_7_30_2 e_1_2_7_23_2 e_1_2_7_31_2 e_1_2_7_22_2 e_1_2_7_32_2 e_1_2_7_21_2 e_1_2_7_20_2 e_1_2_7_34_2 e_1_2_7_35_2 e_1_2_7_36_2 e_1_2_7_37_2 e_1_2_7_38_2 e_1_2_7_39_2 Shaw T (e_1_2_7_16_2) 1979; 60
References_xml	– reference: Bland JM, Altman DG. Measurement error. BMJ 1996; 312: 1654. – reference: Alsop DC, Detre JA, Grossman M. Assessment of cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease by spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 2000; 47: 93-100. – reference: Pantano P, Baron J, Lebrun-Grandié P, Duquesnoy N, Bousser M, Comar D. Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in human aging. Stroke 1984; 15: 635-641. – reference: Schreiber WG, Gückel F, Stritzke P, Schmiedek P, Schwartz A, Brix G. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve capacity: estimation by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 1143-1156. – reference: Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Worsley KJ, Poline J-P, Frith CD, Frackowiak RSJ. Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach. Hum Brain Mapp 1995; 2: 189-210. – reference: Terry HD, DeTeresa R, Hansen LA. Neocortical cell counts in normal adult aging. Ann Neurol 1987; 21: 530-539. – reference: Bentourika M, Bol A, Ivanoiu A, Labar D, Sibomana M, Coppens A, Michel C, Cosnard G, De Volder AG. Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in the normal brain: effect of aging. J Neurol Sci 2000; 181: 19-28. – reference: Alsop DC, Detre JA. Multisection cerebral blood flow MR imaging with continuous arterial spin labelling. Radiology 1998; 208: 410-416. – reference: Huttenlocher PR. Synaptic density in human frontal cortex-developmental changes and effects of aging. Brain Res 1979; 163: 195-205. – reference: Grubb R, Raichle M, Eichling J, Ter-Pogossian M. The effects of changes in paco2 on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and vascular mean transit time. Stroke 1974; 5: 630-639. – reference: Yamaguchi T, Kanno I, Uemura K, Shishido F, Inugami A, Ogawa T, Murakami M, Suzuki K. Reduction in regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during human aging. Stroke 1986; 17: 1220-1228. – reference: Baxter LR, Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Selin CE, Guze BH, Fairbanks L. Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in normal human females versus normal males. Psychol Res 1987; 21: 237-245. – reference: Kim SG. Quantification of relative blood flow change by flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique: application to functional mapping. Magn Reson Med 1995; 34: 293-301. – reference: Detre JA, Samuels OB, Alsop DC, Gonzalez-At JB, Kasner SE, Raps EC. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cerebral blood flow with acetazolamide challenge in patients with cerebrovascular stenosis. Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 10: 870-875. – reference: Leenders KL, Perani D, Lammertsma AA, Heather JD, Buckingham P, Healy MJR, Gibbs JM, Wise RJS, Hatazawa J, Herold S, Beaney RP, Brooks DJ, Spinks T, Rhodes C, Frackowiak RSJ, Jones T. Cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygen utilisation. Normal values and effects of age. Brain 1990; 113: 27-47. – reference: Henderson G, Tomlinson BE, Gibson PH. Cell counts in human cerebral cortex in normal adults throughout life using an image analysing computer. J Neurol Sci 1980; 46: 113-136. – reference: Matthew E, Andreason P, Carson RE, Herscovitch P, Pettigrew K, Cohen R, King C, Johanson CE, Paul SM. Reproducibility of resting cerebral blood flow measurements with H215O positron emission tomography in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13: 748-754. – reference: Meyer JS, Ishihara N, Deshmukh VD, Naritomi H, Sakai F, Hsu MC, Pollack P. Improved metod for noninvasive measurement of regional blood flow by 133Xenon inhalation. Part I: description of method and normal values obtained in healthy volunteers. Stroke 1978; 9: 195-205. – reference: Podreka I, Baumgartner C, Suess E, Müller C, Brücke T, Lang W, Holzner F, Steiner M, Deecke L. Quantification of regional cerebral blood flow with IMP-SPECT. Stroke 1989; 20: 183-191. – reference: Herscovitch P, Raichle ME, Kilbourn MR, Welch MJ. Positron emission tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow and permeability-surface area product of water using [15O]water and [11C]butanol. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1987; 7: 527-542. – reference: Grady CL. Functional brain imaging and age-related changes in cognition. Biol Psychol 2000; 54: 259-281. – reference: Pakkenberg B, Gundersen HJG. Neocortical neuron number in humans: effect of sex and age. J Comp Neurol 1997; 384: 312-320. – reference: Naritomi H, Meyer JS, Sakai F, Yamaguchi F, Shaw T. Effects of advancing age on regional cerebral blood flow. Arch Neurol 1979; 36: 410-416. – reference: Shaw T, Meyer JS, Mortel K, Cutaia M, Sakai F, Yamaguchi F. Effects of normal aging, sex and risk factors for stoke on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal volunteers. Acta Neurol Scand 1979; 60: 462-463. – reference: Sokoloff L. 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Snippet	Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in...
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SubjectTerms	Adult age Age Factors Aged arterial spin labeling Brain - blood supply Cerebral Arteries - physiology cerebral perfusion Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Female Follow-Up Studies Frontal Lobe - blood supply gender Humans Image Enhancement - methods Linear Models Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Middle Aged Parietal Lobe - blood supply reproducibility Reproducibility of Results Sex Factors Spin Labels
Title	Normal cerebral perfusion measurements using arterial spin labeling: Reproducibility, stability, and age and gender effects
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