Corneal myofibroblasts and fibrosis

Myofibroblasts are alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ cells that have a critical role in the corneal stromal response to infections, injuries, and surgeries, and which produce corneal scarring fibrosis when they develop in excess. These contractile and opaque cells—produce large amounts of disordered...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental eye research Vol. 201; p. 108272
Main Author: Wilson, Steven E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2020
Subjects:
Animals
Cornea
Cornea - pathology
Corneal Diseases - metabolism
Corneal Diseases - pathology
Corneal fibroblasts
Descemet's membrane
Epithelial basement membrane
Extracellular Matrix - metabolism
Fibroblasts - metabolism
Fibroblasts - pathology
Fibrocytes
Fibrosis
Humans
Infection
Injury
Interleukin-1
Myofibroblasts
Myofibroblasts - metabolism
Myofibroblasts - physiology
PDGF
Scarring
TGF beta
Wound healing
Cornea
Interleukin-1
Wound healing
Fibrocytes
Injury
Infection
Descemet's membrane
PDGF
Fibrosis
Epithelial basement membrane
Corneal fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts
TGF beta
Scarring
ISSN:0014-4835, 1096-0007, 1096-0007
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Myofibroblasts are alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ cells that have a critical role in the corneal stromal response to infections, injuries, and surgeries, and which produce corneal scarring fibrosis when they develop in excess. These contractile and opaque cells—produce large amounts of disordered extracellular matrix (ECM)—and develop from keratocyte-derived corneal fibroblasts or bone marrow-derived fibrocytes, and possibly other cell types, in response to TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and PDGF from the epithelium, tears, endothelium, and other stromal cells. Recent proteomic analyses have revealed that the myofibroblasts that develop from different progenitors aren't interchangeable, but have major differences in protein expression and functions. Absence or defective regeneration of the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or Descemet's basement membrane (DBM) results in development and persistence of myofibroblasts in the corneal stroma. The functions of myofibroblasts in the cornea include production of volume-additive ECM, tissue contraction, production of various growth factors, cytokines and chemokines that regulate stromal cells, including other myofibroblasts, production of collagenases and metalloproteinases involved in tissue remodeling, and the expression of toll-like receptors that likely have critical roles in the clearance of bacteria and viruses causing corneal infections. •Myofibroblasts are the major contributor to corneal fibrosis after injury or infection.•Myofibroblasts are dependent on TGF beta-1 or-2 for development and survival.•Corneal myofibroblasts are derived from keratocyte- and fibrocyte-derived precursors.•Myofibroblasts derived from different precursors have differential gene expression.
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ISSN:0014-4835
1096-0007
1096-0007
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108272