Distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and D-amphetamine in healthy subjects

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an empathogen, and D-amphetamine is a classic stimulant. All three substances are used recreationally. LSD and MDMA are being investigated as medications to assist psychotherapy, and D-amphetamine...

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Vydáno v:Neuropsychopharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Ročník 45; číslo 3; s. 462 - 471
Hlavní autoři: Holze, Friederike, Vizeli, Patrick, Müller, Felix, Ley, Laura, Duerig, Raoul, Varghese, Nimmy, Eckert, Anne, Borgwardt, Stefan, Liechti, Matthias E
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Nature Publishing Group 01.02.2020
Témata:
Acute effects
Adult
Affect - drug effects
Affect - physiology
Amphetamines
Animal behavior
Anxiety
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Autonomic nervous system
Blood pressure
Body size
Body temperature
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Central Nervous System Stimulants - administration & dosage
Consciousness - drug effects
Consciousness - physiology
Cross-Over Studies
Dextroamphetamine - administration & dosage
Dissolution
Double-Blind Method
Double-blind studies
Drug dosages
Ecstasy
Female
Hallucinogens - administration & dosage
Healthy Volunteers
Heart rate
Humans
Hyperactivity
LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide - administration & dosage
Lysergide
Male
MDMA
Middle Aged
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - administration & dosage
Oxytocin
Placebos
Psychotherapy
Retrospective Studies
Time Factors
ISSN:0893-133X, 1740-634X, 1740-634X
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Shrnutí:Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an empathogen, and D-amphetamine is a classic stimulant. All three substances are used recreationally. LSD and MDMA are being investigated as medications to assist psychotherapy, and D-amphetamine is used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. All three substances induce distinct acute subjective effects. However, differences in acute responses to these prototypical psychoactive substances have not been characterized in a controlled study. We investigated the acute autonomic, subjective, and endocrine effects of single doses of LSD (0.1 mg), MDMA (125 mg), D-amphetamine (40 mg), and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in 28 healthy subjects. All of the substances produced comparable increases in hemodynamic effects, body temperature, and pupil size, indicating equivalent autonomic responses at the doses used. LSD and MDMA increased heart rate more than D-amphetamine, and D-amphetamine increased blood pressure more than LSD and MDMA. LSD induced significantly higher ratings on the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness scale and Mystical Experience Questionnaire than MDMA and D-amphetamine. LSD also produced greater subjective drug effects, ego dissolution, introversion, emotional excitation, anxiety, and inactivity than MDMA and D-amphetamine. LSD also induced greater impairments in subjective ratings of concentration, sense of time, and speed of thinking compared with MDMA and D-amphetamine. MDMA produced greater ratings of good drug effects, liking, high, and ego dissolution compared with D-amphetamine. D-Amphetamine increased ratings of activity and concentration compared with LSD. MDMA but not LSD or D-amphetamine increased plasma concentrations of oxytocin. None of the substances altered plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results indicate clearly distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and D-amphetamine and may assist the dose-finding in substance-assisted psychotherapy research.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:0893-133X
1740-634X
1740-634X
DOI:10.1038/s41386-019-0569-3