Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and altered autophagy in cardiovascular aging and disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics

Advanced age is associated with a disproportionate prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intrinsic alterations in the heart and the vasculature occurring over the life course render the cardiovascular system more vulnerable to various stressors in late life, ultimately favoring the development...

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Published in:American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology Vol. 305; no. 4; p. H459
Main Authors: Marzetti, Emanuele, Csiszar, Anna, Dutta, Debapriya, Balagopal, Gauthami, Calvani, Riccardo, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 15.08.2013
Subjects:
Age Factors
Aging - metabolism
Aging - pathology
Animals
Autophagy
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - pathology
Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology
Cardiovascular System - metabolism
Cardiovascular System - pathology
Cardiovascular System - physiopathology
Humans
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondria - pathology
Mitochondria, Heart - metabolism
Mitochondria, Heart - pathology
Mitochondria, Muscle - metabolism
Mitochondria, Muscle - pathology
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - metabolism
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - pathology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology
Neurons - metabolism
Neurons - pathology
Oxidative Stress
Prognosis
Risk Factors
Translational Medical Research
neurodegeneration
mitophagy
fusion and fission
resveratrol
oxidative stress
ISSN:1522-1539, 1522-1539
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Advanced age is associated with a disproportionate prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intrinsic alterations in the heart and the vasculature occurring over the life course render the cardiovascular system more vulnerable to various stressors in late life, ultimately favoring the development of CVD. Several lines of evidence indicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a major contributor to cardiovascular senescence. Besides being less bioenergetically efficient, damaged mitochondria also produce increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, with detrimental structural and functional consequences for the cardiovascular system. The age-related accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondrial likely results from the combination of impaired clearance of damaged organelles by autophagy and inadequate replenishment of the cellular mitochondrial pool by mitochondriogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about relevant mechanisms and consequences of age-related mitochondrial decay and alterations in mitochondrial quality control in the cardiovascular system. The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular conditions especially prevalent in late life and the emerging connections with neurodegeneration are also illustrated. Special emphasis is placed on recent discoveries on the role played by alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), mitophagy, and their interconnections in the context of age-related CVD and endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we discuss pharmacological interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to delay cardiovascular aging and manage CVD.
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ISSN:1522-1539
1522-1539
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00936.2012