ChatGPT in healthcare: A taxonomy and systematic review

The recent release of ChatGPT, a chat bot research project/product of natural language processing (NLP) by OpenAI, stirs up a sensation among both the general public and medical professionals, amassing a phenomenally large user base in a short time. This is a typical example of the ‘productization’...

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Veröffentlicht in:Computer methods and programs in biomedicine Jg. 245; S. 108013
Hauptverfasser: Li, Jianning, Dada, Amin, Puladi, Behrus, Kleesiek, Jens, Egger, Jan
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.03.2024
Schlagworte:
Artificial Intelligence
Bard
BERT
ChatGPT
Delivery of Health Care
Healthcare
Humans
LLaMA
LLM
Natural Language Processing
NLP
OpenAI
Taxonomy
Transformer
NLP
Transformer
ChatGPT
Taxonomy
LLaMA
Healthcare
OpenAI
BERT
LLM
Bard
ISSN:0169-2607, 1872-7565, 1872-7565
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Zusammenfassung:The recent release of ChatGPT, a chat bot research project/product of natural language processing (NLP) by OpenAI, stirs up a sensation among both the general public and medical professionals, amassing a phenomenally large user base in a short time. This is a typical example of the ‘productization’ of cutting-edge technologies, which allows the general public without a technical background to gain firsthand experience in artificial intelligence (AI), similar to the AI hype created by AlphaGo (DeepMind Technologies, UK) and self-driving cars (Google, Tesla, etc.). However, it is crucial, especially for healthcare researchers, to remain prudent amidst the hype. This work provides a systematic review of existing publications on the use of ChatGPT in healthcare, elucidating the ‘status quo’ of ChatGPT in medical applications, for general readers, healthcare professionals as well as NLP scientists. The large biomedical literature database PubMed is used to retrieve published works on this topic using the keyword ‘ChatGPT’. An inclusion criterion and a taxonomy are further proposed to filter the search results and categorize the selected publications, respectively. It is found through the review that the current release of ChatGPT has achieved only moderate or ‘passing’ performance in a variety of tests, and is unreliable for actual clinical deployment, since it is not intended for clinical applications by design. We conclude that specialized NLP models trained on (bio)medical datasets still represent the right direction to pursue for critical clinical applications. •First systematic review and taxonomy about ChatGPT in healthcare.•Definition of a two-sided application- and user-oriented taxonomy.•Categorization of the reviewed publications based on our taxonomy.•Assigning the reviewed works a tag (Level 1 - Level 3) to indicate the depth and particularity.•Critical discussion and outlook on ChatGPT in healthcare.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Undefined-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
ObjectType-Review-4
content type line 23
ISSN:0169-2607
1872-7565
1872-7565
DOI:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108013