Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology

, a major human pathogen, has a collection of virulence factors and the ability to acquire resistance to most antibiotics. This ability is further augmented by constant emergence of new clones, making a "superbug." Clinical use of methicillin has led to the appearance of methicillin-resist...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical microbiology reviews Vol. 31; no. 4
Main Authors: Lakhundi, Sahreena, Zhang, Kunyan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.10.2018
Subjects:
Biological Evolution
Genome, Bacterial
Humans
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - genetics
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - physiology
Molecular Epidemiology
Molecular Typing
Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology
Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
molecular epidemiology
MRSA origin
MRSA typing
MRSA evolution
SCCmec
molecular characterization
Staphylococcus aureus
ISSN:1098-6618, 1098-6618
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:, a major human pathogen, has a collection of virulence factors and the ability to acquire resistance to most antibiotics. This ability is further augmented by constant emergence of new clones, making a "superbug." Clinical use of methicillin has led to the appearance of methicillin-resistant (MRSA). The past few decades have witnessed the existence of new MRSA clones. Unlike traditional MRSA residing in hospitals, the new clones can invade community settings and infect people without predisposing risk factors. This evolution continues with the buildup of the MRSA reservoir in companion and food animals. This review focuses on imparting a better understanding of MRSA evolution and its molecular characterization and epidemiology. We first describe the origin of MRSA, with emphasis on the diverse nature of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC ). and its new homologues ( , , and ), SCC types (13 SCC types have been discovered to date), and their classification criteria are discussed. The review then describes various typing methods applied to study the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary nature of MRSA. Starting with the historical methods and continuing to the advanced whole-genome approaches, typing of collections of MRSA has shed light on the origin, spread, and evolutionary pathways of MRSA clones.
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ISSN:1098-6618
1098-6618
DOI:10.1128/CMR.00020-18