Forecasting of the Time-dependent Fluxes of Antiprotons in the AMS-02 Era
The spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) contain crucial information about their origin and propagation through the interstellar medium. When GCRs reach Earth, they are significantly influenced by the solar wind and the heliospheric magnetic field, a phenomenon known as solar modulation. This effe...
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| Published in: | The Astrophysical journal Vol. 982; no. 2; pp. 103 - 109 |
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| ISSN: | 0004-637X, 1538-4357 |
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| Abstract | The spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) contain crucial information about their origin and propagation through the interstellar medium. When GCRs reach Earth, they are significantly influenced by the solar wind and the heliospheric magnetic field, a phenomenon known as solar modulation. This effect introduces time-dependent variations in GCR fluxes. The AMS-02 experiment has released time-dependent flux data for protons, electrons, and positrons, revealing clear correlations with solar modulation. Studies suggest that cosmic rays with the same charge, such as protons and helium nuclei, exhibit similar or the same solar modulation parameters. In this work, we derive the local interstellar spectrum (LIS) for protons and positrons under the assumption of a common solar modulation potential, using data from Voyager 1 and a 7 yr average from AMS-02. Similarly, the LIS for antiprotons and electrons is derived by assuming they are governed by a separate solar modulation potential. We demonstrate that the time-dependent fluxes of positrons and protons can be accurately modeled using the same set of solar modulation parameters within a modified force-field approximation framework. Based on this, we predict the time-dependent fluxes of antiprotons using the corresponding electron flux data. |
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| AbstractList | The spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) contain crucial information about their origin and propagation through the interstellar medium. When GCRs reach Earth, they are significantly influenced by the solar wind and the heliospheric magnetic field, a phenomenon known as solar modulation. This effect introduces time-dependent variations in GCR fluxes. The AMS-02 experiment has released time-dependent flux data for protons, electrons, and positrons, revealing clear correlations with solar modulation. Studies suggest that cosmic rays with the same charge, such as protons and helium nuclei, exhibit similar or the same solar modulation parameters. In this work, we derive the local interstellar spectrum (LIS) for protons and positrons under the assumption of a common solar modulation potential, using data from Voyager 1 and a 7 yr average from AMS-02. Similarly, the LIS for antiprotons and electrons is derived by assuming they are governed by a separate solar modulation potential. We demonstrate that the time-dependent fluxes of positrons and protons can be accurately modeled using the same set of solar modulation parameters within a modified force-field approximation framework. Based on this, we predict the time-dependent fluxes of antiprotons using the corresponding electron flux data. |
| Author | Zhu, Cheng-Rui Duan, Kai-Kai |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Cheng-Rui orcidid: 0009-0006-5914-7228 surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Cheng-Rui organization: Purple Mountain Observatory Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, duankk@pmo.ac.cn People’s Republic of China – sequence: 2 givenname: Kai-Kai surname: Duan fullname: Duan, Kai-Kai organization: Purple Mountain Observatory Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, duankk@pmo.ac.cn People’s Republic of China |
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| SubjectTerms | Antiparticles Antiprotons Cosmic ray showers Cosmic rays Electron flux Galactic cosmic rays Heliosphere Heliospheric magnetic field Helium Interstellar matter Interstellar medium Magnetic fields Modulation Nuclei (nuclear physics) Parameter modification Positrons Protons Solar wind Time dependence |
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| Title | Forecasting of the Time-dependent Fluxes of Antiprotons in the AMS-02 Era |
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