Fast in the pandemic, durable after droughts, inequal during economic downturn. A 20 year multi-dimensional retrospective analysis of water demand change in Southern California

Determining changes in water consumption behavior due to recurring external stressors (e.g. droughts and socio-economic fluctuations) and previously unseen shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic can support future demand-side management (DSM) programs and identifying vulnerable social groups. Yet, most s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental research letters Vol. 18; no. 9; pp. 94067 - 94080
Main Authors: Gross, Marie-Philine, Ajami, Newsha K, Cominola, Andrea
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 01.09.2023
Subjects:
behavior change
COVID-19
Demand analysis
Dimensional analysis
Drought
Economic analysis
Economics
Households
Neighborhoods
Pandemics
Service areas
socio-economic stressors
Socioeconomics
Water analysis
water conservation
Water consumption
Water demand
water demand management
Southern California
United States > US
ISSN:1748-9326, 1748-9326
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Determining changes in water consumption behavior due to recurring external stressors (e.g. droughts and socio-economic fluctuations) and previously unseen shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic can support future demand-side management (DSM) programs and identifying vulnerable social groups. Yet, most studies analyzing external drivers of water consumption change are noncomparative as they examine only one stressor at the time, mainly droughts. Here we develop a multi-dimensional retrospective analysis (MDRA) to quantify residential water consumption changes in Southern California over the last two decades under compound hydroclimatic, economic, and pandemic stressors. We then uncover what socio-economic groups relate to predominant behavioral changes under each stressor. We observe a long-lasting decreasing water consumption trend for more than 76% of the analyzed households. Socio-economically vulnerable households were more likely to reduce water consumption during the economic and pandemic stressors. Differently, affluent neighborhoods tended to increase water consumption during or after droughts and the pandemic. Our MDRA supports utilities and policy makers to discern the impacts of different stressors on water demand and helps to identify social and economic sensitivities across a service area to develop adaptive DSMs and assistance programs.
Bibliography:ERL-116127.R1
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ISSN:1748-9326
1748-9326
DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/acf32b