Association between adult-onset hearing loss and dementia biomarkers: A systematic review

People with adult-onset hearing loss (AoHL) are at increased dementia risk. In this study, we explore potential aetiological mechanisms by synthesising the evidence on the association between AoHL and neuropathological, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and imaging biomarkers of dementia. We systemat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ageing research reviews Vol. 104; p. 102647
Main Authors: Lasica, Aleksandra B., Sheppard, Jack, Yu, Ruan-Ching, Livingston, Gill, Ridgway, Nicola, Omar, Rohani, Schilder, Anne G.M., Costafreda, Sergi G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier B.V 01.02.2025
Subjects:
Age of Onset
Amyloid
Amyloid beta-Peptides - cerebrospinal fluid
Biomarker
Biomarkers - blood
Biomarkers - cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebral Atrophy
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dementia
Dementia - cerebrospinal fluid
Dementia - diagnosis
Dementia - etiology
Dementia - metabolism
Hearing Loss
Hearing Loss - complications
Hearing Loss - epidemiology
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Tau
tau Proteins - cerebrospinal fluid
Tau
Biomarker
Amyloid
Hearing Loss
Cerebral Atrophy
Dementia
ISSN:1568-1637, 1872-9649, 1872-9649
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:People with adult-onset hearing loss (AoHL) are at increased dementia risk. In this study, we explore potential aetiological mechanisms by synthesising the evidence on the association between AoHL and neuropathological, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and imaging biomarkers of dementia. We systematically searched electronic databases from inception to 30 April 2024 for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, including quantitative data on the association between AoHL and dementia biomarkers. Study quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Sixty-six studies reporting 63 cross-sectional and 10 longitudinal analyses were included. Twenty-one studies met all MMAT quality criteria. We report a narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of the included studies. In CSF-based or blood-based assays or imaging, five out of six cross-sectional analyses found that AoHL was associated with elevated in vivo tau levels, whilst four out of 17 reported a link with elevated in vivo β-amyloid measures. One longitudinal analysis identified an association between AoHL and a steeper increase of CSF tau, but not Aβ42, levels over time. Twenty-five out of 44 cross-sectional and six out of nine longitudinal analyses identified associations between AoHL and grey matter atrophy of the temporal regions, particularly the medial temporal lobe. Studies using other biomarkers had inconsistent findings. AoHL was usually associated with more temporal regions grey matter atrophy both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and elevated in vivo tau but not β-amyloid. Increasing atrophy and higher tau, leading to decreased cognitive reserve may be how hearing loss increases dementia risk. •Adult-onset hearing loss is associated with elevated in vivo brain tau levels.•Adult-onset hearing loss is associated with atrophy of the medial temporal lobe.•Reports of associations with other dementia biomarkers are less consistent.•Tau and temporal atrophy may underlie the association between AoHL and dementia.
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ISSN:1568-1637
1872-9649
1872-9649
DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102647