Salivary Proteomics for Detecting Novel Biomarkers of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review
ABSTRACT Aim Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between different periodontal conditions. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess distinctive salivary proteins identified...
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| Published in: | Journal of periodontal research Vol. 60; no. 7; pp. 633 - 655 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.07.2025
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
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| ISSN: | 0022-3484, 1600-0765, 1600-0765 |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT
Aim
Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between different periodontal conditions. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess distinctive salivary proteins identified through untargeted proteomics in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy and gingivitis subjects, as well as to provide a qualitative methodological assessment of the current literature.
Methods
Relevant studies identified from Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: “In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in salivary protein expression profiles assessed in proteomics studies between patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy or gingivitis subjects?” Moreover, diagnostic utility of the identified markers was sought via a targeted literature search and further quantitative assessment. A modified version of the QUADAOMICS tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies.
Results
After screening 461 relevant articles, a total of 13 studies were selected. The number of identified discriminant salivary proteins ranged from 2 to 4161. However, it was possible to identify proteins that were consistently over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis patients in at least 3 studies. Among these, complement C3, profilin‐1, SA100A8, and fibrinogen were consistently reported as increased in periodontitis, while cystatin‐SN and leukocyte elastase inhibitor were more elevated in periodontally healthy controls. Only 4 studies reported diagnostic accuracy measures, with SA100A8 showing an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66–0.75) in meta‐analysis.
Conclusions
Untargeted proteomics techniques identified some key biological molecules which were consistently reported to be over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis. These findings could be useful to support novel candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. The high level of heterogeneity in methods and reporting urge to develop standardized protocols to be implemented in this research field (PROSPERO CRD42022299826).
Untargeted salivary proteomics identified promising biological molecules consistently over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy subjects, but further targeted approaches are required for their validation. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | ABSTRACT
Aim
Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between different periodontal conditions. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess distinctive salivary proteins identified through untargeted proteomics in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy and gingivitis subjects, as well as to provide a qualitative methodological assessment of the current literature.
Methods
Relevant studies identified from Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: “In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in salivary protein expression profiles assessed in proteomics studies between patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy or gingivitis subjects?” Moreover, diagnostic utility of the identified markers was sought via a targeted literature search and further quantitative assessment. A modified version of the QUADAOMICS tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies.
Results
After screening 461 relevant articles, a total of 13 studies were selected. The number of identified discriminant salivary proteins ranged from 2 to 4161. However, it was possible to identify proteins that were consistently over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis patients in at least 3 studies. Among these, complement C3, profilin‐1, SA100A8, and fibrinogen were consistently reported as increased in periodontitis, while cystatin‐SN and leukocyte elastase inhibitor were more elevated in periodontally healthy controls. Only 4 studies reported diagnostic accuracy measures, with SA100A8 showing an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66–0.75) in meta‐analysis.
Conclusions
Untargeted proteomics techniques identified some key biological molecules which were consistently reported to be over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis. These findings could be useful to support novel candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. The high level of heterogeneity in methods and reporting urge to develop standardized protocols to be implemented in this research field (PROSPERO CRD42022299826).
Untargeted salivary proteomics identified promising biological molecules consistently over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy subjects, but further targeted approaches are required for their validation. Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between different periodontal conditions. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess distinctive salivary proteins identified through untargeted proteomics in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy and gingivitis subjects, as well as to provide a qualitative methodological assessment of the current literature. Relevant studies identified from Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in salivary protein expression profiles assessed in proteomics studies between patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy or gingivitis subjects?" Moreover, diagnostic utility of the identified markers was sought via a targeted literature search and further quantitative assessment. A modified version of the QUADAOMICS tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies. After screening 461 relevant articles, a total of 13 studies were selected. The number of identified discriminant salivary proteins ranged from 2 to 4161. However, it was possible to identify proteins that were consistently over- or under-expressed in periodontitis patients in at least 3 studies. Among these, complement C3, profilin-1, SA100A8, and fibrinogen were consistently reported as increased in periodontitis, while cystatin-SN and leukocyte elastase inhibitor were more elevated in periodontally healthy controls. Only 4 studies reported diagnostic accuracy measures, with SA100A8 showing an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66-0.75) in meta-analysis. Untargeted proteomics techniques identified some key biological molecules which were consistently reported to be over- or under-expressed in periodontitis. These findings could be useful to support novel candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. The high level of heterogeneity in methods and reporting urge to develop standardized protocols to be implemented in this research field (PROSPERO CRD42022299826). Untargeted salivary proteomics identified promising biological molecules consistently over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy subjects, but further targeted approaches are required for their validation. Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between different periodontal conditions. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess distinctive salivary proteins identified through untargeted proteomics in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy and gingivitis subjects, as well as to provide a qualitative methodological assessment of the current literature.AIMSalivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between different periodontal conditions. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess distinctive salivary proteins identified through untargeted proteomics in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy and gingivitis subjects, as well as to provide a qualitative methodological assessment of the current literature.Relevant studies identified from Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in salivary protein expression profiles assessed in proteomics studies between patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy or gingivitis subjects?" Moreover, diagnostic utility of the identified markers was sought via a targeted literature search and further quantitative assessment. A modified version of the QUADAOMICS tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies.METHODSRelevant studies identified from Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in salivary protein expression profiles assessed in proteomics studies between patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy or gingivitis subjects?" Moreover, diagnostic utility of the identified markers was sought via a targeted literature search and further quantitative assessment. A modified version of the QUADAOMICS tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies.After screening 461 relevant articles, a total of 13 studies were selected. The number of identified discriminant salivary proteins ranged from 2 to 4161. However, it was possible to identify proteins that were consistently over- or under-expressed in periodontitis patients in at least 3 studies. Among these, complement C3, profilin-1, SA100A8, and fibrinogen were consistently reported as increased in periodontitis, while cystatin-SN and leukocyte elastase inhibitor were more elevated in periodontally healthy controls. Only 4 studies reported diagnostic accuracy measures, with SA100A8 showing an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66-0.75) in meta-analysis.RESULTSAfter screening 461 relevant articles, a total of 13 studies were selected. The number of identified discriminant salivary proteins ranged from 2 to 4161. However, it was possible to identify proteins that were consistently over- or under-expressed in periodontitis patients in at least 3 studies. Among these, complement C3, profilin-1, SA100A8, and fibrinogen were consistently reported as increased in periodontitis, while cystatin-SN and leukocyte elastase inhibitor were more elevated in periodontally healthy controls. Only 4 studies reported diagnostic accuracy measures, with SA100A8 showing an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66-0.75) in meta-analysis.Untargeted proteomics techniques identified some key biological molecules which were consistently reported to be over- or under-expressed in periodontitis. These findings could be useful to support novel candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. The high level of heterogeneity in methods and reporting urge to develop standardized protocols to be implemented in this research field (PROSPERO CRD42022299826).CONCLUSIONSUntargeted proteomics techniques identified some key biological molecules which were consistently reported to be over- or under-expressed in periodontitis. These findings could be useful to support novel candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. The high level of heterogeneity in methods and reporting urge to develop standardized protocols to be implemented in this research field (PROSPERO CRD42022299826). Aim Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between different periodontal conditions. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess distinctive salivary proteins identified through untargeted proteomics in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy and gingivitis subjects, as well as to provide a qualitative methodological assessment of the current literature. Methods Relevant studies identified from Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: “In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in salivary protein expression profiles assessed in proteomics studies between patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy or gingivitis subjects?” Moreover, diagnostic utility of the identified markers was sought via a targeted literature search and further quantitative assessment. A modified version of the QUADAOMICS tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies. Results After screening 461 relevant articles, a total of 13 studies were selected. The number of identified discriminant salivary proteins ranged from 2 to 4161. However, it was possible to identify proteins that were consistently over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis patients in at least 3 studies. Among these, complement C3, profilin‐1, SA100A8, and fibrinogen were consistently reported as increased in periodontitis, while cystatin‐SN and leukocyte elastase inhibitor were more elevated in periodontally healthy controls. Only 4 studies reported diagnostic accuracy measures, with SA100A8 showing an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66–0.75) in meta‐analysis. Conclusions Untargeted proteomics techniques identified some key biological molecules which were consistently reported to be over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis. These findings could be useful to support novel candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. The high level of heterogeneity in methods and reporting urge to develop standardized protocols to be implemented in this research field (PROSPERO CRD42022299826). |
| Author | Baima, Giacomo Romano, Federica Berta, Giovanni Nicolao Corana, Matteo Iaderosa, Giovanni Franco, Francesco Zhang, Jianjian Aimetti, Mario |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy 3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy 1 Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy – name: 1 Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy – name: 2 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Matteo surname: Corana fullname: Corana, Matteo organization: University of Turin – sequence: 2 givenname: Giacomo orcidid: 0000-0002-9395-4967 surname: Baima fullname: Baima, Giacomo email: giacomo.baima@unito.it organization: University of Turin – sequence: 3 givenname: Giovanni surname: Iaderosa fullname: Iaderosa, Giovanni organization: University of Turin – sequence: 4 givenname: Francesco surname: Franco fullname: Franco, Francesco organization: University of Turin – sequence: 5 givenname: Jianjian surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jianjian organization: University of Turin – sequence: 6 givenname: Giovanni Nicolao surname: Berta fullname: Berta, Giovanni Nicolao organization: University of Turin – sequence: 7 givenname: Federica orcidid: 0000-0002-5172-299X surname: Romano fullname: Romano, Federica organization: University of Turin – sequence: 8 givenname: Mario orcidid: 0000-0003-0657-0787 surname: Aimetti fullname: Aimetti, Mario organization: University of Turin |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39620241$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | diagnosis periodontal diseases inflammation biomarkers proteins |
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| Notes | The authors received no specific funding for this work. Funding Matteo Corana, Giacomo Baima, Federica Romano and Mario Aimetti contributed equally to this study. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. |
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Aim
Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to... Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish between... Aim Salivary content is regarded as a powerful diagnostic window for oral and systemic diseases and the proteomic profile could be useful to distinguish... Untargeted salivary proteomics identified promising biological molecules consistently over‐ or under‐expressed in periodontitis patients compared to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Biomarkers Biomarkers - analysis Biomarkers - metabolism Complement component C3 Cystatins diagnosis Elastase Fibrinogen Gingivitis Gingivitis - diagnosis Gingivitis - metabolism Gum disease Humans inflammation Leukocyte elastase Meta-analysis periodontal diseases Periodontitis Periodontitis - diagnosis Periodontitis - metabolism Profilin Proteins Proteomics Proteomics - methods Quality control Saliva - chemistry Salivary Proteins and Peptides - analysis Salivary Proteins and Peptides - metabolism Systematic Review |
| Title | Salivary Proteomics for Detecting Novel Biomarkers of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review |
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