Risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a car cabin assessed through 3D CFD simulations

In this study, the risk of infection from SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant of passengers sharing a car cabin with an infected subject for a 30‐min journey is estimated through an integrated approach combining a recently developed predictive emission‐to‐risk approach and a validated CFD numerical model numer...

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Vydané v:Indoor air Ročník 32; číslo 3; s. e13012 - n/a
Hlavní autori: Arpino, Fausto, Grossi, Giorgio, Cortellessa, Gino, Mikszewski, Alex, Morawska, Lidia, Buonanno, Giorgio, Stabile, Luca
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.03.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Predmet:
Air flow
Automobiles
car cabin
CFD analysis
Computational fluid dynamics
Computer Simulation
Confined spaces
COVID-19 - etiology
Evaluation
Flow distribution
Flow pattern
Flow rates
Flow velocity
Fluid dynamics
Health risks
Humans
HVAC
HVAC equipment
Hydrodynamics
Indoor environments
Infections
Mathematical models
Numerical models
respiratory particles
Review
Risk
risk of infection
SARS-CoV-2
Seats
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Ventilation
virus transmission
risk of infection
SARS-CoV-2
CFD analysis
respiratory particles
car cabin
virus transmission
ISSN:0905-6947, 1600-0668, 1600-0668
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Shrnutí:In this study, the risk of infection from SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant of passengers sharing a car cabin with an infected subject for a 30‐min journey is estimated through an integrated approach combining a recently developed predictive emission‐to‐risk approach and a validated CFD numerical model numerically solved using the open‐source OpenFOAM software. Different scenarios were investigated to evaluate the effect of the infected subject position within the car cabin, the airflow rate of the HVAC system, the HVAC ventilation mode, and the expiratory activity (breathing vs. speaking). The numerical simulations here performed reveal that the risk of infection is strongly influenced by several key parameters: As an example, under the same ventilation mode and emitting scenario, the risk of infection ranges from zero to roughly 50% as a function of the HVAC flow rate. The results obtained also demonstrate that (i) simplified zero‐dimensional approaches limit proper evaluation of the risk in such confined spaces, conversely, (ii) CFD approaches are needed to investigate the complex fluid dynamics in similar indoor environments, and, thus, (iii) the risk of infection in indoor environments characterized by fixed seats can be in principle controlled by properly designing the flow patterns of the environment.
Bibliografia:Funding information
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors
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ISSN:0905-6947
1600-0668
1600-0668
DOI:10.1111/ina.13012