Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship

The human gut possesses millions of microbes that define a complex microbial community. The gut microbiota has been characterized as a vital organ forming its multidirectional connecting axis with other organs. This gut microbiota axis is responsible for host-microbe interactions and works by commun...

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Published in:Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 13; p. 999001
Main Authors: Afzaal, Muhammad, Saeed, Farhan, Shah, Yasir Abbas, Hussain, Muzzamal, Rabail, Roshina, Socol, Claudia Terezia, Hassoun, Abdo, Pateiro, Mirian, Lorenzo, José M., Rusu, Alexandru Vasile, Aadil, Rana Muhammad
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A 26.09.2022
Subjects:
disease
dysbiosis
eubiosis
health
human gut microbiota
Microbiology
pathogenic
ISSN:1664-302X, 1664-302X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The human gut possesses millions of microbes that define a complex microbial community. The gut microbiota has been characterized as a vital organ forming its multidirectional connecting axis with other organs. This gut microbiota axis is responsible for host-microbe interactions and works by communicating with the neural, endocrinal, humoral, immunological, and metabolic pathways. The human gut microorganisms (mostly non-pathogenic) have symbiotic host relationships and are usually associated with the host’s immunity to defend against pathogenic invasion. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is therefore linked to various human diseases, such as anxiety, depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. The mechanism leading to the disease development has a crucial correlation with gut microbiota, metabolic products, and host immune response in humans. The understanding of mechanisms over gut microbiota exerts its positive or harmful impacts remains largely undefined. However, many recent clinical studies conducted worldwide are demonstrating the relation of specific microbial species and eubiosis in health and disease. A comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota interactions, its role in health and disease, and recent updates on the subject are the striking topics of the current review. We have also addressed the daunting challenges that must be brought under control to maintain health and treat diseases.
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This article was submitted to Microorganisms in Vertebrate Digestive Systems, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
Reviewed by: Kaiser Mahmood, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia; Muawuz Ijaz, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
Edited by: Junling Shi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
ISSN:1664-302X
1664-302X
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2022.999001