A Novel Fragmentation Sensitivity Index Determines the Susceptibility of Red Blood Cells to Mechanical Trauma
Supraphysiological shear stresses (SSs) induce irreversible impairments of red blood cell (RBC) deformability, overstretching of RBC membrane, or fragmentation of RBCs that causes free hemoglobin to be released into plasma, which may lead to anemia. The magnitude and exposure tisme of the SSs are tw...
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| Vydáno v: | Frontiers in physiology Ročník 12; s. 714157 |
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Frontiers Media S.A
25.08.2021
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| ISSN: | 1664-042X, 1664-042X |
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| Abstract | Supraphysiological shear stresses (SSs) induce irreversible impairments of red blood cell (RBC) deformability, overstretching of RBC membrane, or fragmentation of RBCs that causes free hemoglobin to be released into plasma, which may lead to anemia. The magnitude and exposure tisme of the SSs are two critical parameters that determine the hemolytic threshold of a healthy RBC. However, impairments in the membrane stability of damaged cells reduce the hemolytic threshold and increase the susceptibility of the cell membrane to supraphysiological SSs, leading to cell fragmentation. The severity of the RBC fragmentation as a response to the mechanical damage and the critical SS levels causing fragmentation are not previously defined. In this study, we investigated the RBC mechanical damage in oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic depletion (MD) models by applying supraphysiological SSs up to 100 Pa by an ektacytometer (LORRCA MaxSis) and then assessed RBC deformability. Next, we examined hemolysis and measured RBC volume and count by Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter to evaluate RBC fragmentation. RBC deformability was significantly impaired in the range of 20–50 Pa in OS compared with healthy controls (
p
< 0.05). Hemolysis was detected at 90–100 Pa SS levels in MD and all applied SS levels in OS. Supraphysiological SSs increased RBC volume in both the damage models and the control group. The number of fragmented cells increased at 100 Pa SS in the control and MD and at all SS levels in OS, which was accompanied by hemolysis. Fragmentation sensitivity index increased at 50–100 Pa SS in the control, 100 Pa SS in MD, and at all SS levels in OS. Therefore, we propose RBC fragmentation as a novel sensitivity index for damaged RBCs experiencing a mechanical trauma before they undergo fragmentation. Our approach for the assessment of mechanical risk sensitivity by RBC fragmentation could facilitate the close monitoring of shear-mediated RBC response and provide an effective and accurate method for detecting RBC damage in mechanical circulatory assist devices used in routine clinical procedures. |
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| AbstractList | Supraphysiological shear stresses (SSs) induce irreversible impairments of red blood cell (RBC) deformability, overstretching of RBC membrane, or fragmentation of RBCs that causes free hemoglobin to be released into plasma, which may lead to anemia. The magnitude and exposure tisme of the SSs are two critical parameters that determine the hemolytic threshold of a healthy RBC. However, impairments in the membrane stability of damaged cells reduce the hemolytic threshold and increase the susceptibility of the cell membrane to supraphysiological SSs, leading to cell fragmentation. The severity of the RBC fragmentation as a response to the mechanical damage and the critical SS levels causing fragmentation are not previously defined. In this study, we investigated the RBC mechanical damage in oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic depletion (MD) models by applying supraphysiological SSs up to 100 Pa by an ektacytometer (LORRCA MaxSis) and then assessed RBC deformability. Next, we examined hemolysis and measured RBC volume and count by Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter to evaluate RBC fragmentation. RBC deformability was significantly impaired in the range of 20-50 Pa in OS compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). Hemolysis was detected at 90-100 Pa SS levels in MD and all applied SS levels in OS. Supraphysiological SSs increased RBC volume in both the damage models and the control group. The number of fragmented cells increased at 100 Pa SS in the control and MD and at all SS levels in OS, which was accompanied by hemolysis. Fragmentation sensitivity index increased at 50-100 Pa SS in the control, 100 Pa SS in MD, and at all SS levels in OS. Therefore, we propose RBC fragmentation as a novel sensitivity index for damaged RBCs experiencing a mechanical trauma before they undergo fragmentation. Our approach for the assessment of mechanical risk sensitivity by RBC fragmentation could facilitate the close monitoring of shear-mediated RBC response and provide an effective and accurate method for detecting RBC damage in mechanical circulatory assist devices used in routine clinical procedures.Supraphysiological shear stresses (SSs) induce irreversible impairments of red blood cell (RBC) deformability, overstretching of RBC membrane, or fragmentation of RBCs that causes free hemoglobin to be released into plasma, which may lead to anemia. The magnitude and exposure tisme of the SSs are two critical parameters that determine the hemolytic threshold of a healthy RBC. However, impairments in the membrane stability of damaged cells reduce the hemolytic threshold and increase the susceptibility of the cell membrane to supraphysiological SSs, leading to cell fragmentation. The severity of the RBC fragmentation as a response to the mechanical damage and the critical SS levels causing fragmentation are not previously defined. In this study, we investigated the RBC mechanical damage in oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic depletion (MD) models by applying supraphysiological SSs up to 100 Pa by an ektacytometer (LORRCA MaxSis) and then assessed RBC deformability. Next, we examined hemolysis and measured RBC volume and count by Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter to evaluate RBC fragmentation. RBC deformability was significantly impaired in the range of 20-50 Pa in OS compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). Hemolysis was detected at 90-100 Pa SS levels in MD and all applied SS levels in OS. Supraphysiological SSs increased RBC volume in both the damage models and the control group. The number of fragmented cells increased at 100 Pa SS in the control and MD and at all SS levels in OS, which was accompanied by hemolysis. Fragmentation sensitivity index increased at 50-100 Pa SS in the control, 100 Pa SS in MD, and at all SS levels in OS. Therefore, we propose RBC fragmentation as a novel sensitivity index for damaged RBCs experiencing a mechanical trauma before they undergo fragmentation. Our approach for the assessment of mechanical risk sensitivity by RBC fragmentation could facilitate the close monitoring of shear-mediated RBC response and provide an effective and accurate method for detecting RBC damage in mechanical circulatory assist devices used in routine clinical procedures. Supraphysiological shear stresses (SSs) induce irreversible impairments of red blood cell (RBC) deformability, overstretching of RBC membrane, or fragmentation of RBCs that causes free hemoglobin to be released into plasma, which may lead to anemia. The magnitude and exposure tisme of the SSs are two critical parameters that determine the hemolytic threshold of a healthy RBC. However, impairments in the membrane stability of damaged cells reduce the hemolytic threshold and increase the susceptibility of the cell membrane to supraphysiological SSs, leading to cell fragmentation. The severity of the RBC fragmentation as a response to the mechanical damage and the critical SS levels causing fragmentation are not previously defined. In this study, we investigated the RBC mechanical damage in oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic depletion (MD) models by applying supraphysiological SSs up to 100 Pa by an ektacytometer (LORRCA MaxSis) and then assessed RBC deformability. Next, we examined hemolysis and measured RBC volume and count by Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter to evaluate RBC fragmentation. RBC deformability was significantly impaired in the range of 20–50 Pa in OS compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). Hemolysis was detected at 90–100 Pa SS levels in MD and all applied SS levels in OS. Supraphysiological SSs increased RBC volume in both the damage models and the control group. The number of fragmented cells increased at 100 Pa SS in the control and MD and at all SS levels in OS, which was accompanied by hemolysis. Fragmentation sensitivity index increased at 50–100 Pa SS in the control, 100 Pa SS in MD, and at all SS levels in OS. Therefore, we propose RBC fragmentation as a novel sensitivity index for damaged RBCs experiencing a mechanical trauma before they undergo fragmentation. Our approach for the assessment of mechanical risk sensitivity by RBC fragmentation could facilitate the close monitoring of shear-mediated RBC response and provide an effective and accurate method for detecting RBC damage in mechanical circulatory assist devices used in routine clinical procedures. Supraphysiological shear stresses (SSs) induce irreversible impairments of red blood cell (RBC) deformability, overstretching of RBC membrane, or fragmentation of RBCs that causes free hemoglobin to be released into plasma, which may lead to anemia. The magnitude and exposure tisme of the SSs are two critical parameters that determine the hemolytic threshold of a healthy RBC. However, impairments in the membrane stability of damaged cells reduce the hemolytic threshold and increase the susceptibility of the cell membrane to supraphysiological SSs, leading to cell fragmentation. The severity of the RBC fragmentation as a response to the mechanical damage and the critical SS levels causing fragmentation are not previously defined. In this study, we investigated the RBC mechanical damage in oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic depletion (MD) models by applying supraphysiological SSs up to 100 Pa by an ektacytometer (LORRCA MaxSis) and then assessed RBC deformability. Next, we examined hemolysis and measured RBC volume and count by Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter to evaluate RBC fragmentation. RBC deformability was significantly impaired in the range of 20–50 Pa in OS compared with healthy controls ( p < 0.05). Hemolysis was detected at 90–100 Pa SS levels in MD and all applied SS levels in OS. Supraphysiological SSs increased RBC volume in both the damage models and the control group. The number of fragmented cells increased at 100 Pa SS in the control and MD and at all SS levels in OS, which was accompanied by hemolysis. Fragmentation sensitivity index increased at 50–100 Pa SS in the control, 100 Pa SS in MD, and at all SS levels in OS. Therefore, we propose RBC fragmentation as a novel sensitivity index for damaged RBCs experiencing a mechanical trauma before they undergo fragmentation. Our approach for the assessment of mechanical risk sensitivity by RBC fragmentation could facilitate the close monitoring of shear-mediated RBC response and provide an effective and accurate method for detecting RBC damage in mechanical circulatory assist devices used in routine clinical procedures. |
| Author | Goktas, Polat Yalcin, Ozlem Goksel, Evrim Cilek, Neslihan Atar, Dila Ugurel, Elif |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey 2 School of Medicine, Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey 4 Centre for Applied Data Analytics Research (CeADAR), School of Computer Science, University, College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland 1 Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Centre for Applied Data Analytics Research (CeADAR), School of Computer Science, University, College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland – name: 1 Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey – name: 2 School of Medicine, Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey – name: 3 Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Elif surname: Ugurel fullname: Ugurel, Elif – sequence: 2 givenname: Evrim surname: Goksel fullname: Goksel, Evrim – sequence: 3 givenname: Polat surname: Goktas fullname: Goktas, Polat – sequence: 4 givenname: Neslihan surname: Cilek fullname: Cilek, Neslihan – sequence: 5 givenname: Dila surname: Atar fullname: Atar, Dila – sequence: 6 givenname: Ozlem surname: Yalcin fullname: Yalcin, Ozlem |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01491.x 10.3233/BIR-140665 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1994.tb03292.x 10.1002/cyto.a.23755 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.03.001 10.1055/s-0032-1325616 10.2142/biophysico.16.0_158 10.3233/BIR-130637 10.1073/pnas.0904614106 10.3233/BIR-16120 10.1067/mtc.2002.120337 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000128 10.1074/jbc.270.10.5659 10.3233/CH-2012-1616 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.247 10.3109/00365510903266069 10.22514/SV121.102016.24 10.3233/CH-131682 10.1093/ajcp/90.3.268 10.1016/0306-3623(92)90148-D 10.1002/clc.23191 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704601 10.1097/00002480-200603000-00088 10.1126/science.1193270 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.05.008 10.3324/haematol.2020.274951 10.1056/NEJMra1312353 10.1046/j.1365-2257.2001.00386.x 10.1152/jappl.1962.17.3.531 10.1016/S0006-3495(72)86085-5 10.1007/s00467-019-04233-7 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008706 10.1074/jbc.M410650200 10.13188/2380-6842.1000005 10.3233/CH-2012-1576 10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00793-9 10.1177/0391398818784272 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01416.x 10.1111/aor.12997 10.1056/NEJMra020528 10.1055/s-2003-44551 10.7554/eLife.07370.013 10.1093/ejcts/ezt637 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70222-8 10.1111/ijlh.12657 10.4274/tjh.2016.0359 10.1002/9780470027318.a1504 10.1088/0950-7671/44/8/421 10.3389/fphys.2021.677573 10.1073/pnas.0910785107 10.4067/S0716-97602002000200013 10.1111/micc.12652 10.1172/JCI25040 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2021 Ugurel, Goksel, Goktas, Cilek, Atar and Yalcin. Copyright © 2021 Ugurel, Goksel, Goktas, Cilek, Atar and Yalcin. 2021 Ugurel, Goksel, Goktas, Cilek, Atar and Yalcin |
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| SubjectTerms | fragmentaton sensitivity index mechanical risk sensitivity metabolic depletion oxidative stress Physiology red blood cell fragmentation supra-physiological shear stress |
| Title | A Novel Fragmentation Sensitivity Index Determines the Susceptibility of Red Blood Cells to Mechanical Trauma |
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