The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

In a striking display of trans-kingdom symbiosis, gut bacteria cooperate with their animal hosts to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic and nervous systems through dynamic bidirectional communication along the 'gut-brain axis'. These processes may affect human he...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature reviews. Microbiology Vol. 19; no. 4; pp. 241 - 255
Main Authors: Morais, Livia H, Schreiber, 4th, Henry L, Mazmanian, Sarkis K
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Nature Publishing Group 01.04.2021
Subjects:
Animal diseases
Animal models
Animals
Bacteria
Bacteria - classification
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Brain
Brain - microbiology
Brain - pathology
Brain Diseases - microbiology
Brain Diseases - pathology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Gut microbiota
Gut-brain axis
Host Microbial Interactions - physiology
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Microbial activity
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Models, Animal
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Symbiosis
Symbiosis - physiology
ISSN:1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:In a striking display of trans-kingdom symbiosis, gut bacteria cooperate with their animal hosts to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic and nervous systems through dynamic bidirectional communication along the 'gut-brain axis'. These processes may affect human health, as certain animal behaviours appear to correlate with the composition of gut bacteria, and disruptions in microbial communities have been implicated in several neurological disorders. Most insights about host-microbiota interactions come from animal models, which represent crucial tools for studying the various pathways linking the gut and the brain. However, there are complexities and manifest limitations inherent in translating complex human disease to reductionist animal models. In this Review, we discuss emerging and exciting evidence of intricate and crucial connections between the gut microbiota and the brain involving multiple biological systems, and possible contributions by the gut microbiota to neurological disorders. Continued advances from this frontier of biomedicine may lead to tangible impacts on human health.
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ISSN:1740-1526
1740-1534
1740-1534
DOI:10.1038/s41579-020-00460-0