The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor cells. Studies have indicated that PD-1 and PD-L1 are closely associated with the progression of human cancers and are...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 964442
Main Authors: Tang, Qing, Chen, Yun, Li, Xiaojuan, Long, Shunqin, Shi, Yao, Yu, Yaya, Wu, Wanyin, Han, Ling, Wang, Sumei
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A 13.09.2022
Subjects:
biomarker
clinical application
human cancers
immunecheckpoint inhibitor
Immunology
PD-1/PD-L1
ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Summary:Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor cells. Studies have indicated that PD-1 and PD-L1 are closely associated with the progression of human cancers and are promising biomarkers for cancer therapy. Moreover, the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 is one of the important mechanism by which human tumors generate immune escape. This article provides a review on the role of PD-L1/PD-1, mechanisms of immune response and resistance, as well as immune-related adverse events in the treatment of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in human cancers. Moreover, we summarized a large number of clinical trials to successfully reveal that PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have manifested promising therapeutic effects, which have been evaluated from different perspectives, including overall survival, objective effective rate and medium progression-free survival. Finally, we pointed out the current problems faced by PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and its future prospects. Although PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been widely used in the treatment of human cancers, tough challenges still remain. Combination therapy and predictive models based on integrated biomarker determination theory may be the future directions for the application of PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in treating human cancers.
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Edited by: Lekh N. Dahal, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Reviewed by: Francesca Romana Mariotti, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, (IRCCS), Italy; Chunwan Lu, Tianjin University, China
These authors have contributed equally to this work
This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.964442