Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibo...

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Vydané v:Diabetes care Ročník 42; číslo 2; s. 192
Hlavní autori: Triolo, Taylor M, Fouts, Alexandra, Pyle, Laura, Yu, Liping, Gottlieb, Peter A, Steck, Andrea K
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States 01.02.2019
Predmet:
Adolescent
Adult
Autoantibodies - analysis
Autoantibodies - blood
Autoimmunity - genetics
Autoimmunity - physiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - prevention & control
Disease Progression
Diseases in Twins - diagnosis
Diseases in Twins - epidemiology
Diseases in Twins - genetics
Diseases in Twins - immunology
Environment
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Glutamate Decarboxylase - immunology
Humans
Insulin - metabolism
Islets of Langerhans - immunology
Male
Mass Screening - methods
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Siblings
Twins - genetics
Twins, Dizygotic - genetics
Twins, Dizygotic - statistics & numerical data
Twins, Monozygotic - genetics
Twins, Monozygotic - statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
ISSN:1935-5548, 1935-5548
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Shrnutí:There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study ( = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
Bibliografia:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
content type line 23
ISSN:1935-5548
1935-5548
DOI:10.2337/dc18-0288