Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene are associated with reduced rate of sputum culture conversion in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in South Africa

Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disea...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 12; no. 7; p. e0180916
Main Authors:	Magee, Matthew J., Sun, Yan V., Brust, James C. M., Shah, N. Sarita, Ning, Yuming, Allana, Salim, Campbell, Angela, Hui, Qin, Mlisana, Koleka, Moodley, Pravi, Gandhi, Neel R.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 01.07.2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	25-Hydroxyvitamin D Adult Age Antiinfectives and antibacterials Biology and Life Sciences Confidence intervals Conversion Culture Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Drug resistance Female Genomic analysis Genomics Health risks HIV HIV Infections - genetics Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune response Immune system Impact resistance Inflammation Male Medicine and Health Sciences Multidrug resistance Multidrug resistant organisms Patients People and Places Physical sciences Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics Populations Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics Risk Single-nucleotide polymorphism Smear Smoking South Africa Sputum Sputum - microbiology Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - genetics Vitamin D Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives Vitamin D - metabolism Vitamin D receptors Atlanta Georgia United States > US South Africa
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion among a cohort of MDR TB patients in South Africa. We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult MDR TB patients receiving second-line TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal province. Subjects had monthly sputum cultures performed. In a subset of participants, whole blood samples were obtained for genomic analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African Array. Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between VDR SNPs and rate of culture conversion. Genomic analyses were performed on 91 MDR TB subjects enrolled in the sub-study; 60% were female and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42). Smoking was reported by 21% of subjects and most subjects had HIV (80%), were smear negative (57%), and had cavitary disease (55%). Overall, 87 (96%) subjects initially converted cultures to negative, with median time to culture conversion of 57 days (IQR 17-114). Of 121 VDR SNPs examined, 10 were significantly associated (p<0.01) with rate of sputum conversion in multivariable analyses. Each additional risk allele on SNP rs74085240 delayed culture conversion significantly (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.67). Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were associated with rate of sputum culture conversion in MDR TB patients in this high HIV prevalence setting in South Africa.
AbstractList	Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion among a cohort of MDR TB patients in South Africa.BACKGROUNDVitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion among a cohort of MDR TB patients in South Africa.We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult MDR TB patients receiving second-line TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal province. Subjects had monthly sputum cultures performed. In a subset of participants, whole blood samples were obtained for genomic analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African Array. Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between VDR SNPs and rate of culture conversion.METHODSWe conducted a prospective cohort study of adult MDR TB patients receiving second-line TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal province. Subjects had monthly sputum cultures performed. In a subset of participants, whole blood samples were obtained for genomic analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African Array. Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between VDR SNPs and rate of culture conversion.Genomic analyses were performed on 91 MDR TB subjects enrolled in the sub-study; 60% were female and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42). Smoking was reported by 21% of subjects and most subjects had HIV (80%), were smear negative (57%), and had cavitary disease (55%). Overall, 87 (96%) subjects initially converted cultures to negative, with median time to culture conversion of 57 days (IQR 17-114). Of 121 VDR SNPs examined, 10 were significantly associated (p<0.01) with rate of sputum conversion in multivariable analyses. Each additional risk allele on SNP rs74085240 delayed culture conversion significantly (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.67).RESULTSGenomic analyses were performed on 91 MDR TB subjects enrolled in the sub-study; 60% were female and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42). Smoking was reported by 21% of subjects and most subjects had HIV (80%), were smear negative (57%), and had cavitary disease (55%). Overall, 87 (96%) subjects initially converted cultures to negative, with median time to culture conversion of 57 days (IQR 17-114). Of 121 VDR SNPs examined, 10 were significantly associated (p<0.01) with rate of sputum conversion in multivariable analyses. Each additional risk allele on SNP rs74085240 delayed culture conversion significantly (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.67).Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were associated with rate of sputum culture conversion in MDR TB patients in this high HIV prevalence setting in South Africa.CONCLUSIONSPolymorphisms in the VDR gene were associated with rate of sputum culture conversion in MDR TB patients in this high HIV prevalence setting in South Africa. Background Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion among a cohort of MDR TB patients in South Africa. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult MDR TB patients receiving second-line TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal province. Subjects had monthly sputum cultures performed. In a subset of participants, whole blood samples were obtained for genomic analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African Array. Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between VDR SNPs and rate of culture conversion. Results Genomic analyses were performed on 91 MDR TB subjects enrolled in the sub-study; 60% were female and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29–42). Smoking was reported by 21% of subjects and most subjects had HIV (80%), were smear negative (57%), and had cavitary disease (55%). Overall, 87 (96%) subjects initially converted cultures to negative, with median time to culture conversion of 57 days (IQR 17–114). Of 121 VDR SNPs examined, 10 were significantly associated (p<0.01) with rate of sputum conversion in multivariable analyses. Each additional risk allele on SNP rs74085240 delayed culture conversion significantly (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.67). Conclusions Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were associated with rate of sputum culture conversion in MDR TB patients in this high HIV prevalence setting in South Africa. Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion among a cohort of MDR TB patients in South Africa.We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult MDR TB patients receiving second-line TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal province. Subjects had monthly sputum cultures performed. In a subset of participants, whole blood samples were obtained for genomic analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African Array. Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between VDR SNPs and rate of culture conversion.Genomic analyses were performed on 91 MDR TB subjects enrolled in the sub-study; 60% were female and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42). Smoking was reported by 21% of subjects and most subjects had HIV (80%), were smear negative (57%), and had cavitary disease (55%). Overall, 87 (96%) subjects initially converted cultures to negative, with median time to culture conversion of 57 days (IQR 17-114). Of 121 VDR SNPs examined, 10 were significantly associated (p<0.01) with rate of sputum conversion in multivariable analyses. Each additional risk allele on SNP rs74085240 delayed culture conversion significantly (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.67).Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were associated with rate of sputum culture conversion in MDR TB patients in this high HIV prevalence setting in South Africa. Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion among a cohort of MDR TB patients in South Africa. We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult MDR TB patients receiving second-line TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal province. Subjects had monthly sputum cultures performed. In a subset of participants, whole blood samples were obtained for genomic analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African Array. Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between VDR SNPs and rate of culture conversion. Genomic analyses were performed on 91 MDR TB subjects enrolled in the sub-study; 60% were female and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42). Smoking was reported by 21% of subjects and most subjects had HIV (80%), were smear negative (57%), and had cavitary disease (55%). Overall, 87 (96%) subjects initially converted cultures to negative, with median time to culture conversion of 57 days (IQR 17-114). Of 121 VDR SNPs examined, 10 were significantly associated (p<0.01) with rate of sputum conversion in multivariable analyses. Each additional risk allele on SNP rs74085240 delayed culture conversion significantly (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.67). Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were associated with rate of sputum culture conversion in MDR TB patients in this high HIV prevalence setting in South Africa. Background Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion among a cohort of MDR TB patients in South Africa. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult MDR TB patients receiving second-line TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal province. Subjects had monthly sputum cultures performed. In a subset of participants, whole blood samples were obtained for genomic analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African Array. Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between VDR SNPs and rate of culture conversion. Results Genomic analyses were performed on 91 MDR TB subjects enrolled in the sub-study; 60% were female and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29–42). Smoking was reported by 21% of subjects and most subjects had HIV (80%), were smear negative (57%), and had cavitary disease (55%). Overall, 87 (96%) subjects initially converted cultures to negative, with median time to culture conversion of 57 days (IQR 17–114). Of 121 VDR SNPs examined, 10 were significantly associated (p<0.01) with rate of sputum conversion in multivariable analyses. Each additional risk allele on SNP rs74085240 delayed culture conversion significantly (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.67). Conclusions Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were associated with rate of sputum culture conversion in MDR TB patients in this high HIV prevalence setting in South Africa.
Author	Sun, Yan V. Hui, Qin Moodley, Pravi Shah, N. Sarita Campbell, Angela Magee, Matthew J. Mlisana, Koleka Allana, Salim Ning, Yuming Brust, James C. M. Gandhi, Neel R.
AuthorAffiliation	4 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America 1 Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States of America 2 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America 3 Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America 5 School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 6 Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America 7 Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America Central University of Tamil Nadu, INDIA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 6 Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America – name: 2 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America – name: 1 Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States of America – name: 4 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America – name: Central University of Tamil Nadu, INDIA – name: 7 Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America – name: 3 Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America – name: 5 School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Matthew J. orcidid: 0000-0002-8068-5796 surname: Magee fullname: Magee, Matthew J. – sequence: 2 givenname: Yan V. surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Yan V. – sequence: 3 givenname: James C. M. surname: Brust fullname: Brust, James C. M. – sequence: 4 givenname: N. Sarita surname: Shah fullname: Shah, N. Sarita – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuming surname: Ning fullname: Ning, Yuming – sequence: 6 givenname: Salim surname: Allana fullname: Allana, Salim – sequence: 7 givenname: Angela surname: Campbell fullname: Campbell, Angela – sequence: 8 givenname: Qin surname: Hui fullname: Hui, Qin – sequence: 9 givenname: Koleka surname: Mlisana fullname: Mlisana, Koleka – sequence: 10 givenname: Pravi surname: Moodley fullname: Moodley, Pravi – sequence: 11 givenname: Neel R. surname: Gandhi fullname: Gandhi, Neel R.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28700743$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNp9UtuO1SAUbcwY56J_YJTEF196hEJL64PJZLxNMokm6jMBCudw0pbK5Zj5In_TfW5mZmJ8IMBi7cXasM6Lk8lPpiieE7wglJM3a5_DJIfFDPACkxZ3pHlUnJGOVmVTYXpyZ31anMe4xrimbdM8KU6rlmPMGT0rfn_1w-3ow7xycYzITSitDNq4JEdYv0fBaDMnH9DSTAbJACNGr51Mpke_XFoBo88aNgEg5C2Kc055RDoPKQNd-2ljQnR-2oqPgLo-5GUZTHQxySmhlJUJQPcAoFkmZ6a0c_LNZ9C_tMFp-bR4bOUQzbPDfFH8-Pjh-9Xn8ubLp-ury5tSM0aassHa1opLZaW1rKctkRg30rLOtgQoSivGdc0rRXpa97UhNdEVZpYT06mmpRfFy73uDH7E4Y2jIB3hTdd0nALjes_ovVyLObhRhlvhpRM7wIelkCE5PRhR1R04oRwrolivKkUrS0ndm4qxBssOtN4dbstqNL2GzoMc7oneP5ncSiz9RtQ15hQzEHh9EAj-ZzYxidFFbYZBTsbnne-2ZbzC285ePaD-u7sXdx39tXJMDBDe7gk6-BiDsUJDWBL8Lxh0gyBYbON5FBfbeIpDPKGYPSg-6v-37A_xN_G1
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijtb_2022_05_011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2022_105324 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1010387 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00403_022_02399_z crossref_primary_10_1080_16070658_2020_1757878 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2020_039935 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_genrep_2018_08_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2020_104204 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000011732 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rmcr_2018_09_005 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0267917 crossref_primary_10_1080_14787210_2022_2081546
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.jcte.2014.08.001 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61889-2 10.1073/pnas.1200072109 10.2217/fmb.13.164 10.3945/ajcn.115.113886 10.1186/1471-2334-13-22 10.1038/nature06258 10.1016/j.tube.2007.03.001 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69573-1 10.5588/ijtld.12.0122 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70053-8 10.1155/2014/903680 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60410-2 10.1371/journal.pone.0015841 10.1086/423212 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70163-5 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70275-X
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml	– notice: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7RV 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7X2 7X7 7XB 88E 8AO 8C1 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABJCF ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS ATCPS AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI C1K CCPQU D1I DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. KB. KB0 KL. L6V LK8 M0K M0S M1P M7N M7P M7S NAPCQ P5Z P62 P64 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS PYCSY RC3 7X8 5PM DOA
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0180916
DatabaseName	CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Biotechnology Research Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Database Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Immunology Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Agricultural Science Collection Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Technology Collection Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Materials Science Database Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest Engineering Collection ProQuest Biological Science Collection Agricultural Science Database Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Engineering Database Nursing & Allied Health Premium Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Database Materials Science Collection Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection Environmental Science Collection Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Agricultural Science Database Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Agricultural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Collection Entomology Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Environmental Science Database ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) Materials Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Materials Science Database ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Medical Library Animal Behavior Abstracts Materials Science & Engineering Collection Immunology Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE Agricultural Science Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Sciences (General)
DocumentTitleAlternate	Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and MDR TB
EISSN	1932-6203
ExternalDocumentID	1917696973 oai_doaj_org_article_259abf370b1b4db2b32f315de24460a9 PMC5507304 28700743 10_1371_journal_pone_0180916
Genre	Journal Article
GeographicLocations	Atlanta Georgia United States--US South Africa
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: South Africa – name: Atlanta Georgia – name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: K23 AI083088 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: P30 AI050409 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: R01 AI089349 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: P30 AI051519 – fundername: NCATS NIH HHS grantid: UL1 TR000454 – fundername: NCATS NIH HHS grantid: UL1 TR001073 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: R01 AI087465 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: K24 AI114444
GroupedDBID	--- 123 29O 2WC 53G 5VS 7RV 7X2 7X7 7XC 88E 8AO 8C1 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AAFWJ AAUCC AAWOE AAYXX ABDBF ABIVO ABJCF ABUWG ACCTH ACGFO ACIHN ACIWK ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHMBA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS APEBS ARAPS ATCPS BAIFH BAWUL BBNVY BBTPI BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKEYQ BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I D1J D1K DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD EMOBN ESX EX3 F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE IAO IEA IGS IHR IHW INH INR IOV IPY ISE ISR ITC K6- KB. KQ8 L6V LK5 LK8 M0K M1P M48 M7P M7R M7S M~E NAPCQ O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P P62 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PTHSS PV9 PYCSY RNS RPM RZL SV3 TR2 UKHRP WOQ WOW ~02 ~KM ALIPV CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF IPNFZ NPM RIG 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO ESTFP FR3 GNUQQ H94 K9. KL. M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 5PM AAPBV ABPTK BBORY
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c4416-60cf5b7abfaff4d381a006af49f81c44bcb47c572b1d35d5e151c204f71e9b683
IEDL.DBID	DOA
ISSN	1932-6203
IngestDate	Sun Sep 03 00:14:08 EDT 2023 Fri Oct 03 12:53:20 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 01:51:32 EST 2025 Sun Nov 09 12:19:48 EST 2025 Tue Oct 07 07:49:23 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:48:53 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 20:40:16 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:08:18 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	7
Language	English
License	This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Creative Commons CC0 public domain
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4416-60cf5b7abfaff4d381a006af49f81c44bcb47c572b1d35d5e151c204f71e9b683
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ORCID	0000-0002-8068-5796
OpenAccessLink	https://doaj.org/article/259abf370b1b4db2b32f315de24460a9
PMID	28700743
PQID	1917696973
PQPubID	1436336
ParticipantIDs	plos_journals_1917696973 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_259abf370b1b4db2b32f315de24460a9 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5507304 proquest_miscellaneous_1918847208 proquest_journals_1917696973 pubmed_primary_28700743 crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0180916 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0180916
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2017-07-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2017-07-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 07 year: 2017 text: 2017-07-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle	PloS one
PublicationTitleAlternate	PLoS One
PublicationYear	2017
Publisher	Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml	– name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
References	(ref5) 2015 N Ndjecka (ref19) 2014 H Bruns (ref8) 2014; 9 C International HapMap (ref22) 2007; 449 AK Coussens (ref9) 2014; 2014 P Daley (ref12) 2015; 15 N Salahuddin (ref24) 2013; 13 NR Gandhi (ref3) 2010; 375 AP Ralph (ref13) 2013; 13 AR Martineau (ref10) 2011; 377 P Cegielski (ref7) 2015; 15 N Sutaria (ref25) 2014; 1 DE Roth (ref15) 2004; 190 N Tukvadze (ref11) 2015; 102 NR Gandhi (ref4) 2006; 368 ref21 (ref1) 2016 O Shisana (ref18) 2014 C Babb (ref17) 2007; 87 JC Brust (ref20) 2011; 6 (ref2) 2013; 62 ref6 L Gao (ref14) 2010; 14 J Rathored (ref16) 2012; 16 AK Coussens (ref23) 2012; 109
References_xml	– volume: 1 start-page: 151 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: ref25 article-title: Vitamin D Status, Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Supplementation on Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials publication-title: Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2014.08.001 – year: 2014 ident: ref18 article-title: South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey, 2012 – year: 2014 ident: ref19 article-title: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: strategic overview on MDR-TB care in South Africa – volume: 377 start-page: 242 issue: 9761 year: 2011 ident: ref10 article-title: High-dose vitamin D(3) during intensive-phase antimicrobial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomised controlled trial publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61889-2 – volume: 109 start-page: 15449 issue: 38 year: 2012 ident: ref23 article-title: Vitamin D accelerates resolution of inflammatory responses during tuberculosis treatment publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.1200072109 – volume: 9 start-page: 327 issue: 3 year: 2014 ident: ref8 article-title: New insights into the interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human macrophages publication-title: Future microbiology doi: 10.2217/fmb.13.164 – volume: 62 start-page: 1 issue: RR-09 year: 2013 ident: ref2 article-title: Provisional CDC guidelines for the use and safety monitoring of bedaquiline fumarate (Sirturo) for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis publication-title: MMWR Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control – volume: 102 start-page: 1059 issue: 5 year: 2015 ident: ref11 article-title: High-dose vitamin D3 in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial publication-title: The American journal of clinical nutrition doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.113886 – volume: 13 start-page: 22 year: 2013 ident: ref24 article-title: Vitamin D accelerates clinical recovery from tuberculosis: results of the SUCCINCT Study [Supplementary Cholecalciferol in recovery from tuberculosis]. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis' publication-title: BMC infectious diseases doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-22 – volume: 449 start-page: 851 issue: 7164 year: 2007 ident: ref22 article-title: A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature06258 – volume: 87 start-page: 295 issue: 4 year: 2007 ident: ref17 article-title: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and sputum conversion time in pulmonary tuberculosis patients publication-title: Tuberculosis doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.03.001 – volume: 368 start-page: 1575 issue: 9547 year: 2006 ident: ref4 article-title: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69573-1 – volume: 16 start-page: 1522 issue: 11 year: 2012 ident: ref16 article-title: Risk and outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and serum 25(OH)D publication-title: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease doi: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0122 – volume: 15 start-page: 528 issue: 5 year: 2015 ident: ref12 article-title: Adjunctive vitamin D for treatment of active tuberculosis in India: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial publication-title: The Lancet Infectious diseases doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70053-8 – volume: 2014 start-page: 903680 year: 2014 ident: ref9 article-title: Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Actions of Vitamin D in Combating TB/HIV publication-title: Scientifica doi: 10.1155/2014/903680 – volume: 375 start-page: 1830 issue: 9728 year: 2010 ident: ref3 article-title: Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60410-2 – ident: ref6 – volume: 6 start-page: e15841 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: ref20 article-title: Culture conversion among HIV co-infected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Tugela Ferry, South Africa publication-title: PloS one doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015841 – volume: 190 start-page: 920 issue: 5 year: 2004 ident: ref15 article-title: Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and response to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis publication-title: The Journal of infectious diseases doi: 10.1086/423212 – ident: ref21 – year: 2016 ident: ref1 article-title: WHO. Global tuberculosis report publication-title: WHO. Global tuberculosis report – volume: 15 start-page: 489 issue: 5 year: 2015 ident: ref7 article-title: Tuberculosis and vitamin D: what's the rest of the story? publication-title: The Lancet Infectious diseases doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70163-5 – volume: 14 start-page: 15 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: ref14 article-title: Vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms and tuberculosis: updated systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease – year: 2015 ident: ref5 – volume: 13 start-page: 77 issue: 1 year: 2013 ident: ref13 article-title: Vitamin D and solar ultraviolet radiation in the risk and treatment of tuberculosis publication-title: The Lancet Infectious diseases doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70275-X
SSID	ssj0053866
Score	2.3244662
Snippet	Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin.... Background Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide... Background Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide...
SourceID	plos doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref
SourceType	Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source
StartPage	e0180916
SubjectTerms	25-Hydroxyvitamin D Adult Age Antiinfectives and antibacterials Biology and Life Sciences Confidence intervals Conversion Culture Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Drug resistance Female Genomic analysis Genomics Health risks HIV HIV Infections - genetics Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune response Immune system Impact resistance Inflammation Male Medicine and Health Sciences Multidrug resistance Multidrug resistant organisms Patients People and Places Physical sciences Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics Populations Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics Risk Single-nucleotide polymorphism Smear Smoking South Africa Sputum Sputum - microbiology Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - genetics Vitamin D Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives Vitamin D - metabolism Vitamin D receptors
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: Biological Science Database dbid: M7P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELagcOAClFcDBRmJAxzSJnFiJyfEq-KAqj0A6i2KXyXSbhLyqMQv4m8y4zhLF1Vw4LDSKp5NnPjz5Bt79htCXmiZyaQwRYgbgmFqdQZ-MLMhyv2ohBnOXZWIr5_E6Wl-dlas_ILb4NMqF5_oHLVuFa6RH2NcwQteCPa6-x5i1SjcXfUlNK6TG6iSwFzq3mrxxDCXOfd_l2MiPvajc9S1jTlywlVY5fzS68ip9qPK6bodrmKcfyZOXnoTndz533u4S257DkrfzKDZJ9dMc4_s-1k-0JdeivrVffJz1a5_bFoYi3rYDLRuKPBFelGP1Qa-v6fgLk0HUTsFGBpa9fDxw200xSVesNAAHk1RkYK2lg7dNE4bOgt-GOqS3t2KHZ7cZTfqfjoPezMgsW1GOk7S9GDewgHqVWBdT1zxPzrXOXpAvpx8-PzuY-hLO4QK-BcPeaRsJkUlbWVtqoE2VDD9K5sWNo_BRCqZCpWJRMaaZTozQExUEqVWxKaQPGcPyV4Dw3hAaKwrCPksN5FOUjghhGQZF8rmaRElVuYBYcsIl8rrnmP5jXXpNvMExD_zYy8RF6XHRUDC7a-6WffjH_ZvETxbW1Ttdgfa_rz0TqCEUBM6yEQkY5lqmUiWWBZn2gDH4lFVBOQAobdcYCh_AyYghwukrm5-vm0G_4CbPlVj2snZ5MBAkggexKMZvdtO4iY3UsiAiB1c79zFbktTf3Ma5CiDx6L08d-79YTcSpAGufTmQ7I39pN5Sm6qi7Ee-mdusv4CTyBQhg priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access dbid: FPL link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELagcOAClFcDBRmJAxxSEjuxkyOvFYeq2gOg3qL4RSPtJqs8-pf4m8w43oWtWiEOK63iSeKdh_NNZvYzIW-MyhUrbRljQTDOnMlhHcxdjHQ_mnErhN8l4sepPDsrzs_L5Z9E8UoFn8v0fdDpyaZr7Ymnm0rFbXKHcSGwhWuxPN2uvBC7QoS_x9105t7jx7P0I6vpqhuuQ5hXGyX_evIsHvzvnB-S-wFj0g-zUxySW7Z9RA5DFA_0baCafveY_Fp2K0j-QdfNsB5o01LAg_SyGes1fP9MYTm0G8jKKbiZpXUPn2BOayi-wgUJA85hKDJO0M7RYTON05rOhB6W-qZ2_0YOL-67F00__YwhyUfg2o50nJTtQbyDAzSwvPqZ-M396LyP0RPyffHl26evcdi6IdaAr0QsEu1yJWvlaucyA7CghvCuXVa6IgURpVUmdS6ZSg3PTW4BeGiWZE6mtlSi4E_JQQvKOyI0NTWkdE7YxLAMLggpVy6kdkVWJsypIiJ8a9FKB15z3F5jVflinYT8ZlZ7hdaogjUiEu_O2sy8Hv-Q_4jOspNFVm5_AMxehSCvIJWECXKZqFRlRjHFmeNpbixgKJHUZUSO0NW2NxgqTJZFKUrJI3K8db_rh1_vhiH-sahTt7abvEwBCIMloIhns7fuJolFbISIEZF7frz3K_ZH2ubCc4wjzR1Psuc3z_gFuccQ4vjW5WNyMPaTfUnu6suxGfpXPjB_Ax5YPrg priority: 102 providerName: Public Library of Science
Title	Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene are associated with reduced rate of sputum culture conversion in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in South Africa
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28700743 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1917696973 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1918847208 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5507304 https://doaj.org/article/259abf370b1b4db2b32f315de24460a9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180916
Volume	12
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Agriculture Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M0K dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Engineering Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M7S dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Environmental Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: PATMY dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Materials Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: KB. dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVATS databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: FPL dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.plos.org/publications/ providerName: Public Library of Science
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Nb9MwFLdgcOCCGF8LjMpIHOCQLp92cqRjFWhbFQ2YCpcojm2I1CZVk-xf4t_kPcetWjRpFw59quKXxPF7tn8vdn6PkHdSxCJIVerigqAbaRnDOBhrF-l-yiBUjJksEdcXfDZL5vM020n1hXvCBnrgoeFOAJ4XQofcE76IpAhEGOjQj6WCeYl5hfl0D1DPJpgaxmDoxYzZD-VC7p9Yu4xXTa3GhrIK85vvTESGrx_5TRdNexvW_HfL5M4cNH1CHlvwSD8OlT4k91T9lBza7tnS95ZD-sMz8idrFhDVQyNW7bKlVU0B6NGbqiuW8P8ThXFOrSDcpuA_ihZr-Fk7KUnx3SxoSLC6pEglQRtN21Xf9Us6MHUoanarm1dteHGzLVGu-18uRO-ISOuOdr1Qa1Bv4AC19K2mJiZrHx0SFD0n36dn304_uzYng1sCcGIu80odCw4mKbSOJMz3BfTbQkepTnxQEaWIeBnzQPgyjGWsAFGUgRdp7qtUsCR8QQ5qsMIRob4sIFbTTHkyiOCCEEvFjJc6iVIv0CJxSLgxUF5awnLMm7HIzSoch8BlaPYczZpbszrE3Z61Ggg77tCfoO23uki3bQ6AE-bWCfO7nNAhR-g5mxu0OUbBLGUpDx1yvPGm24vfbouhY-NqTVGrpjc6CUAHcG6HvBycb1tJXJ1G7OcQvueWe0-xX1JXvw15OPLXhV706n889mvyKECUY3YvH5ODbt2rN-RhedNV7XpE7vOra5RzbmQCMjn1R-TB5GyWXY1MjwU5zS5Ank_GIC-9c5Q8M_IryCz-CWdkXy6zH38Bh_FOyA
linkProvider	Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3Nb9MwFLfGQIILML4WGGAkkOCQLXESOzkgBIxp00o1oTHtFuLYHpXapORjaH8RN_5G3nOSsqIJTjtwqFTFr6nr_t6X_fJ7hDxXMpIs0YmLB4JuaFQEdjAyLtL95CzQnNsuEUcjMR7Hx8fJwQr5OTwLg2WVg020hlqVOe6Rb2FewROeiODN_JuLXaPwdHVoodHBYl-ffYeUrX69tw3_7wvGdj4cvt91-64Cbg6un7vcy00kRSZNZkyowGNlgLzMhImJfRCRuQxFHgkmfRVEKtLgE3PmhUb4OpE8DuC-V8hVsOM-lpCJT0eD5QfbwXn_eF4g_K0eDZvzstCbligLu6qfc3-2SwCyqk7L-qII989CzXOeb-fW_7Zmt8nNPsambzulWCMrurhD1norVtOXPdX2q7vkx0E5PZuVgLVJPavppKAQD9PTSZPN4P02BXeg501ZUVAzTbMKXj2ctaK4hQ0SCpRDUWTcoKWh9bxt2hntCE00tUX9dkcSb26rN1XVnriVrjFwLxratFJXIF7CBdqz3NqZ2OaGtOvjdI98vpQFu09WC4DNOqG-yiClNVx7ioVwQ0g5Iy5yE4eJx4yMHRIMiErzntcd24tMU3tYKSC_65Y9RRymPQ4d4i4-Ne94Tf4h_w7BupBFVnJ7oaxO0t7IpZBKwwQD4UlfhkoyGTAT-JHSEENyL0scso5QH76gTn8D1CEbA4QvHn62GAb7h4daWaHL1srEEGExDxbiQacti0niIT6GyA4RS3q09CuWR4rJV8uxjjR_gRc-_Pu0npLru4cfR-lob7z_iNxgGPLZUu4NstpUrX5MruWnzaSunlhDQcmXy9ayXwpOrgc
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1fb9MwELfGQIgXYPxbYYCRQIKHrImT2MkDQrAyMW2q-gBobyGO7VGpTUr-DO0T8R34dNw5blnRBE974KFSFV9d1_3d-c4-_46Q50rGkqU69fBA0IuMisEOxsZDup-ChZpzWyXi85EYj5Pj43SyQX4u78JgWuXSJlpDraoC98iHGFfwlKciHBqXFjEZ7b9ZfPOwghSetC7LafQQOdRn3yF8a14fjOC_fsHY_vuPex88V2HAK8AN4B73CxNLkUuTGxMpWL1yQGFuotQkAYjIQkaiiAWTgQpjFWtYHwvmR0YEOpU8CaHfK-SqCAHFeEt9b5VeAnaEc3dVLxTB0CFjd1GVeteSZmGF9XNLoa0YgAyrs6q5yNv9M2nz3Cq4f-t_nr_b5KbzvenbXlm2yIYu75AtZ90a-tJRcL-6S35MqtnZvAIMTpt5Q6clBT-Znk7bfA7vRxSWCb1oq5qC-mma1_ByMNeK4tY2SChQGkWRiYNWhjaLru3mtCc60dQm-9udSuzcZnWqujvxat2gQ1-2tO2krkG8ggfUsd_akdiih7Sv73SPfLqUCbtPNkuA0Dahgcoh1DVc-4pF0CGEojEXhUmi1GdGJgMSLtGVFY7vHcuOzDJ7iCkg7uunPUNMZg6TA-KtPrXo-U7-If8OgbuSRbZy-6CqTzJn_DIIsWGAofBlICMlmQyZCYNYafAtuZ-nA7KNsF9-QZP9BuuA7CzhfHHzs1Uz2EU87MpLXXVWJgHPi_kwEQ96zVkNEg_30XUeELGmU2u_Yr2lnH613OtI_xf60cO_D-spuQ7KlR0djA8fkRsMPUGb4b1DNtu604_JteK0nTb1E2szKPly2Ur2C4QWtmI
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Polymorphisms+in+the+vitamin+D+receptor+gene+are+associated+with+reduced+rate+of+sputum+culture+conversion+in+multidrug-resistant+tuberculosis+patients+in+South+Africa&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Magee%2C+Matthew+J&rft.au=Sun%2C+Yan+V&rft.au=Brust%2C+James+C+M&rft.au=Shah%2C+N+Sarita&rft.date=2017-07-01&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0180916&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0180916&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28700743&rft.externalDocID=28700743
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon