Marine Oil from C. finmarchicus Enhances Glucose Homeostasis and Liver Insulin Resistance in Obese Prediabetic Individuals

The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effect...

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Published in:	Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 2; p. 396
Main Authors:	Burhop, Milena, Schuchardt, Jan Philipp, Nebl, Josefine, Müller, Mattea, Lichtinghagen, Ralf, Hahn, Andreas
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 17.01.2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Aged Animals blood glucose Blood Glucose - metabolism body composition Body Mass Index Calanus finmarchicus Chronic illnesses Copepoda - chemistry cost effectiveness Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Energy intake Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood Female glucose glucose tolerance Homeostasis Humans Hyperglycemia insulin Insulin Resistance Kinases liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Male Middle Aged muscles noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Obesity Obesity - drug therapy Obesity - metabolism oils Placebos Prediabetic State - drug therapy Prediabetic State - metabolism Germany marine oil inflammation glucose metabolism insulin resistance prediabetes intermediate hyperglycaemia
ISSN:	2072-6643, 2072-6643
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Abstract	The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t12) and 16 weeks (t16). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (−2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (−0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (−1.06 ± 1.72 × 106, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC0–2h Glucose, AUC0–2h Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated.
AbstractList	The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m ) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t ) and 16 weeks (t ). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (-2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, < 0.05), HOMA-IR (-0.9 ± 1.28, < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (-1.06 ± 1.72 × 10 , < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC Glucose, AUC Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated. The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t12) and 16 weeks (t16). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (-2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (-0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (-1.06 ± 1.72 × 106, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC0-2h Glucose, AUC0-2h Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated.The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t12) and 16 weeks (t16). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (-2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (-0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (-1.06 ± 1.72 × 106, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC0-2h Glucose, AUC0-2h Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated. The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t12) and 16 weeks (t16). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (−2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (−0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (−1.06 ± 1.72 × 106, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC0–2h Glucose, AUC0–2h Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated. The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m²) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t₁₂) and 16 weeks (t₁₆). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (−2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (−0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (−1.06 ± 1.72 × 10⁶, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC₀–₂ₕ Glucose, AUC₀–₂ₕ Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated.
Author	Nebl, Josefine Burhop, Milena Hahn, Andreas Lichtinghagen, Ralf Müller, Mattea Schuchardt, Jan Philipp
AuthorAffiliation	1 Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; jan-philipp.schuchardt@lw.uni-hannover.de (J.P.S.); josefine_nebl@web.de (J.N.); mueller@nutrition.uni-hannover.de (M.M.); hahn@nutrition.uni-hannover.de (A.H.) 2 Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Lichtinghagen.Ralf@mh-hannover.de
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; jan-philipp.schuchardt@lw.uni-hannover.de (J.P.S.); josefine_nebl@web.de (J.N.); mueller@nutrition.uni-hannover.de (M.M.); hahn@nutrition.uni-hannover.de (A.H.) – name: 2 Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Lichtinghagen.Ralf@mh-hannover.de
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Milena orcidid: 0000-0003-0017-3748 surname: Burhop fullname: Burhop, Milena – sequence: 2 givenname: Jan Philipp orcidid: 0000-0003-1724-6325 surname: Schuchardt fullname: Schuchardt, Jan Philipp – sequence: 3 givenname: Josefine surname: Nebl fullname: Nebl, Josefine – sequence: 4 givenname: Mattea orcidid: 0000-0002-3340-5122 surname: Müller fullname: Müller, Mattea – sequence: 5 givenname: Ralf surname: Lichtinghagen fullname: Lichtinghagen, Ralf – sequence: 6 givenname: Andreas orcidid: 0000-0001-8459-6582 surname: Hahn fullname: Hahn, Andreas
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Copyright	2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2022 by the authors. 2022
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Keywords	marine oil inflammation glucose metabolism insulin resistance prediabetes intermediate hyperglycaemia
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Snippet	The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe...
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SubjectTerms	Aged Animals blood glucose Blood Glucose - metabolism body composition Body Mass Index Calanus finmarchicus Chronic illnesses Copepoda - chemistry cost effectiveness Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - therapeutic use Double-Blind Method Energy intake Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood Female glucose glucose tolerance Homeostasis Humans Hyperglycemia insulin Insulin Resistance Kinases liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Male Middle Aged muscles noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Obesity Obesity - drug therapy Obesity - metabolism oils Placebos Prediabetic State - drug therapy Prediabetic State - metabolism
Title	Marine Oil from C. finmarchicus Enhances Glucose Homeostasis and Liver Insulin Resistance in Obese Prediabetic Individuals
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