Compositional and Functional Adaptations of Intestinal Microbiota and Related Metabolites in CKD Patients Receiving Dietary Protein Restriction

The relationship between change of gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics associated with low protein diet (LPD) has been unraveled incompletely in CKD patients. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling were performed. We reported significant changes in the β-diversity of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 2799
Main Authors: Wu, I-Wen, Lee, Chin-Chan, Hsu, Heng-Jung, Sun, Chiao-Yin, Chen, Yuen-Chan, Yang, Kai-Jie, Yang, Chi-Wei, Chung, Wen-Hun, Lai, Hsin-Chih, Chang, Lun-Ching, Su, Shih-Chi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.09.2020
MDPI
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological
Aged
Bacteroidaceae
bile acids
Bile Acids and Salts - metabolism
blood serum
butyrates
Diet
Diet, Protein-Restricted - methods
dietary protein
Dietitians
Discriminant analysis
Fatty acids
Feces - microbiology
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
genes
Glomerular Filtration Rate
glutathione
Humans
intestinal microorganisms
Lachnospiraceae
low protein diet
Male
metabolism
Metabolites
Metabolome - physiology
Metabolomics
Microbiota
Middle Aged
pelargonic acid
Phylogenetics
Probiotics
Proteins
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diet therapy
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - metabolism
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - microbiology
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Software
sulfates
Vegetarianism
United States > US
low protein diet
uremic solute
chronic kidney disease
gut microbiome
short-chain fatty acids
bile acids
ISSN:2072-6643, 2072-6643
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Summary:The relationship between change of gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics associated with low protein diet (LPD) has been unraveled incompletely in CKD patients. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling were performed. We reported significant changes in the β-diversity of gut microbiota in CKD patients having LPD (CKD-LPD, n = 16). We identified 19 genera and 12 species with significant differences in their relative abundance among CKD-LPD patients compared to patients receiving normal protein diet (CKD-NPD, n = 27) or non-CKD controls (n = 34), respectively. CKD-LPD had a significant decrease in the abundance of many butyrate-producing bacteria (family Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae) associated with enrichment of functional module of butanoate metabolism, leading to concomitant reduction in serum levels of SCFA (acetic, heptanoic and nonanoic acid). A secondary bile acid, glyco λ-muricholic acid, was significantly increased in CKD-LPD patients. Serum levels of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate did not differ among groups. The relationship between abundances of microbes and metabolites remained significant in subset of resampling subjects of comparable characteristics. Enrichment of bacterial gene markers related to D-alanine, ketone bodies and glutathione metabolism was noted in CKD-LPD patients. Our analyses reveal signatures and functions of gut microbiota to adapt dietary protein restriction in renal patients.
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ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu12092799