Development and validation of Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for laminar flow in semi-circular zigzag channel of printed circuit heat exchanger

Friction factor and heat transfer correlations have been developed for printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) as a function of geometric parameters. These correlations summarize the thermal hydraulic performance of PCHEs and allow for accurate determination of their cost and effectiveness. Although...

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Published in:	Applied thermal engineering Vol. 123; no. C; pp. 1327 - 1344
Main Authors:	Yoon, Su-Jong, O'Brien, James, Chen, Minghui, Sabharwall, Piyush, Sun, Xiaodong
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2017 Elsevier BV Elsevier
Subjects:	Bend radius Channels Computational fluid dynamics Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Friction Friction factor Heat exchangers Heat transfer Laminar flow Least squares method Mathematical models Nusselt number Pressure loss Printed circuits Radius of curvature Temperature effects
ISSN:	1359-4311, 1873-5606
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Abstract	Friction factor and heat transfer correlations have been developed for printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) as a function of geometric parameters. These correlations summarize the thermal hydraulic performance of PCHEs and allow for accurate determination of their cost and effectiveness. Although there have been previous studies of the thermal-hydraulic performance of zigzag channel PCHEs, explicit correlations for friction factor or Nusselt number as a function of geometric parameters have not yet been reported. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) predictions were used to aid in the development of friction factor and Nusselt number correlations for laminar flow in semicircular zigzag-channel PCHEs. Two CFD models were developed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of fluid flow in zigzag channels. A single-channel isothermal CFD model was used to investigate friction factors in PCHE zigzag channels. A two-channel CFD model was used to investigate the Nusselt number in zigzag channels and the effect of temperature-dependent fluid properties on the pressure loss. The effects of geometric parameters such as relative length ratio, zigzag angle and radius of curvature of bend were investigated. From the extensive CFD analysis database, friction factor and Nusselt number correlations were developed by implementing a least squares method with a non-linear Generalized Reduced Gradient algorithm. The friction factor correlation is valid for 50≤Re≤2000, 5°≤α≤45° and 4.09≤lR/Dh≤32.73. The Nusselt number correlations are valid for 200≤Re≤2000, Pr≤1.0, 5°≤α≤45° and 4.09≤lR/Dh≤12.27. The correlations were validated against experimental data from The Ohio State University (OSU) and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). The friction factor for zigzag-channel PCHEs is mainly influenced by the zigzag channel geometry while the Nusselt number is influenced by the overall heat exchanger design including the plenum sections.
AbstractList	Friction factor and heat transfer correlations have been developed for printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) as a function of geometric parameters. These correlations summarize the thermal hydraulic performance of PCHEs and allow for accurate determination of their cost and effectiveness. Although there have been previous studies of the thermal-hydraulic performance of zigzag channel PCHEs, explicit correlations for friction factor or Nusselt number as a function of geometric parameters have not yet been reported. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) predictions were used to aid in the development of friction factor and Nusselt number correlations for laminar flow in semicircular zigzag-channel PCHEs. Two CFD models were developed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of fluid flow in zigzag channels. A single-channel isothermal CFD model was used to investigate friction factors in PCHE zigzag channels. A two-channel CFD model was used to investigate the Nusselt number in zigzag channels and the effect of temperature-dependent fluid properties on the pressure loss. The effects of geometric parameters such as relative length ratio, zigzag angle and radius of curvature of bend were investigated. From the extensive CFD analysis database, friction factor and Nusselt number correlations were developed by implementing a least squares method with a non-linear Generalized Reduced Gradient algorithm. The friction factor correlation is valid for 50≤Re≤2000, 5°≤α≤45° and 4.09≤lR/Dh≤32.73. The Nusselt number correlations are valid for 200≤Re≤2000, Pr≤1.0, 5°≤α≤45° and 4.09≤lR/Dh≤12.27. The correlations were validated against experimental data from The Ohio State University (OSU) and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). The friction factor for zigzag-channel PCHEs is mainly influenced by the zigzag channel geometry while the Nusselt number is influenced by the overall heat exchanger design including the plenum sections. Friction factor and heat transfer correlations have been developed for printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) as a function of geometric parameters. These correlations summarize the thermal hydraulic performance of PCHEs and allow for accurate determination of their cost and effectiveness. Although there have been previous studies of the thermal-hydraulic performance of zigzag channel PCHEs, explicit correlations for friction factor or Nusselt number as a function of geometric parameters have not yet been reported. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) predictions were used to aid in the development of friction factor and Nusselt number correlations for laminar flow in semicircular zigzag-channel PCHEs. Two CFD models were developed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of fluid flow in zigzag channels. A single-channel isothermal CFD model was used to investigate friction factors in PCHE zigzag channels. A two-channel CFD model was used to investigate the Nusselt number in zigzag channels and the effect of temperature-dependent fluid properties on the pressure loss. The effects of geometric parameters such as relative length ratio, zigzag angle and radius of curvature of bend were investigated. From the extensive CFD analysis database, friction factor and Nusselt number correlations were developed by implementing a least squares method with a non-linear Generalized Reduced Gradient algorithm. The friction factor correlation is valid for 50 ≤ Re ≤ 2000, 5° ≤ α ≤ 45° and 4.09 ≤ lR/Dh ≤ 32.73. The Nusselt number correlations are valid for 200 ≤ Re ≤ 2000, Pr ≤ 1.0, 5° ≤ α ≤ 45° and 4.09 ≤ lR/Dh ≤ 12.27. The correlations were validated against experimental data from The Ohio State University (OSU) and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). The friction factor for zigzag-channel PCHEs is mainly influenced by the zigzag channel geometry while the Nusselt number is influenced by the overall heat exchanger design including the plenum sections.
Author	Sabharwall, Piyush Yoon, Su-Jong Chen, Minghui Sun, Xiaodong O'Brien, James
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Su-Jong surname: Yoon fullname: Yoon, Su-Jong email: sujong.yoon@inl.gov organization: Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Ave., Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: James surname: O'Brien fullname: O'Brien, James organization: Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Ave., Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Minghui surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Minghui organization: Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Piyush surname: Sabharwall fullname: Sabharwall, Piyush organization: Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Ave., Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiaodong surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Xiaodong organization: Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Snippet	Friction factor and heat transfer correlations have been developed for printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) as a function of geometric parameters. These...
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SubjectTerms	Bend radius Channels Computational fluid dynamics Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Friction Friction factor Heat exchangers Heat transfer Laminar flow Least squares method Mathematical models Nusselt number Pressure loss Printed circuits Radius of curvature Temperature effects
Title	Development and validation of Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for laminar flow in semi-circular zigzag channel of printed circuit heat exchanger
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