18.4 % Organic Solar Cells Using a High Ionization Energy Self‐Assembled Monolayer as Hole‐Extraction Interlayer

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on Br‐2PACz ([2‐(3,6‐dibromo‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) 2PACz ([2‐(9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) and MeO‐2PACz ([2‐(3,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) molecules were investigated as hole‐extracting interlayers in organi...

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Veröffentlicht in:ChemSusChem Jg. 14; H. 17; S. 3569 - 3578
Hauptverfasser: Lin, Yuanbao, Magomedov, Artiom, Firdaus, Yuliar, Kaltsas, Dimitris, El‐Labban, Abdulrahman, Faber, Hendrik, Naphade, Dipti R., Yengel, Emre, Zheng, Xiaopeng, Yarali, Emre, Chaturvedi, Neha, Loganathan, Kalaivanan, Gkeka, Despoina, AlShammari, Sanaa H., Bakr, Osman M., Laquai, Frédéric, Tsetseris, Leonidas, Getautis, Vytautas, Anthopoulos, Thomas D.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 06.09.2021
Schlagworte:
Acids
Antibiotics
Butyric acid
Carrier recombination
Diketones
Energy conversion efficiency
hole-extraction interlayer
Indium tin oxides
Interlayers
Maximum power
Molecular orbitals
Monolayers
Organic chemistry
organic solar cells
Phosphonic acids
Photovoltaic cells
photovoltaics
Polystyrene resins
power conversion efficiency
self-assembled monolayer
Solar cells
Work functions
organic solar cells
hole-extraction interlayer
power conversion efficiency
photovoltaics
self-assembled monolayer
ISSN:1864-5631, 1864-564X, 1864-564X
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Zusammenfassung:Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on Br‐2PACz ([2‐(3,6‐dibromo‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) 2PACz ([2‐(9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) and MeO‐2PACz ([2‐(3,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) molecules were investigated as hole‐extracting interlayers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of these SAMs were measured at −6.01 and −5.30 eV for Br‐2PACz and MeO‐2PACz, respectively, and found to induce significant changes in the work function (WF) of indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) electrodes upon chemical functionalization. OPV cells based on PM6 (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl‐3‐fluoro)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1’,3’‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5’,7’‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’‐c:4’,5’‐c’]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)]) : BTP‐eC9 : PC71BM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) using ITO/Br‐2PACz anodes exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, outperforming devices with ITO/MeO‐2PACz (14.5 %) and ITO/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) (17.5 %). The higher PCE was found to originate from the much higher WF of ITO/Br‐2PACz (−5.81 eV) compared to ITO/MeO‐2PACz (4.58 eV) and ITO/PEDOT : PSS (4.9 eV), resulting in lower interface resistance, improved hole transport/extraction, lower trap‐assisted recombination, and longer carrier lifetimes. Importantly, the ITO/Br‐2PACz electrode was chemically stable, and after removal of the SAM it could be recycled and reused to construct fresh OPVs with equally impressive performance. Super SAM: Two self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs; Br‐2PACz and MeO‐2PACz) are investigated as hole‐extracting interlayer in organic photovoltaics and compared against the widely used PEDOT : PSS. Cells based on the ternary bulk‐heterojunction blend PM6 : BTP‐eC9 : PC71BM and ITO/Br‐2PACz as the anode exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency of 18.4 %, outperforming devices with ITO/MeO‐2PACz (14.5 %) and even ITO/PEDOT : PSS (17.5 %).
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:1864-5631
1864-564X
1864-564X
DOI:10.1002/cssc.202100707