Solar-assisted tri-generation system with LCPV‑CPC and small-scale gas turbine for year-round clean energy in hot-dry climates

This study develops, dynamically simulates, and optimizes an integrated tri‑generation system for year-round electricity, heating, and cooling supply under the hot-dry climatic conditions of Baghdad, Iraq. The proposed configuration couples a low‑concentration hybrid PV–compound parabolic concentrat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 36464 - 23
Main Authors: Ben Hamida, Mohamed Bechir, Rasheed, Rassol Hamed, Singh, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran, Taghavi, Mohammad
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.10.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
639/4077/4072
639/4077/909
639/4077/909/4101
Alternative energy sources
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Clean energy
Clean energy technology
Clean technology
Climatic conditions
Cooling
Cooling systems
Costs
Economics
Efficiency
Electric rates
Electricity
Emissions
Emissions control
Energy conservation
Energy consumption
Energy transition
Flexibility
Gas turbines
Greenhouse gases
Heat exchangers
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hydrogen
Low‑Concentration hybrid PV–Compound parabolic concentrator thermal
multidisciplinary
Natural gas
Optimization algorithms
Optimization techniques
Reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm
Renewable resources
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Small‑Scale gas turbine generator
Solar energy
Solar radiation
Systems stability
Thermodynamics
Tri‑Generation plant
Turbines
Water temperature
Clean energy technology
Low‑Concentration hybrid PV–Compound parabolic concentrator thermal
Reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm
Tri‑Generation plant
Small‑Scale gas turbine generator
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:This study develops, dynamically simulates, and optimizes an integrated tri‑generation system for year-round electricity, heating, and cooling supply under the hot-dry climatic conditions of Baghdad, Iraq. The proposed configuration couples a low‑concentration hybrid PV–compound parabolic concentrator (LCPV-CPC) with dual small‑scale gas turbines, high- and low-grade water-source heat pumps, and an ammonia-water absorption chiller, coordinated through a following-electric-load (FEL) strategy. The primary objectives are to maximize primary energy savings, annual cost reduction, CO 2 emissions mitigation, and exergy efficiency by exploiting multi‑grade thermal integration and dispatch optimization. A methodological novelty lies in applying a Reference Vector Guided Evolutionary Algorithm (RVEA) with entropy‑weighted VIKOR analysis to achieve balanced trade‑offs among energy, economic, environmental, and thermodynamic criteria. Dynamic co‑simulation through Aspen HYSYS-MATLAB, validated against high‑quality experimental data, ensures predictive reliability. Results confirm substantial performance gains compared with a separate production facility: primary energy savings up to ~ 33%, annual cost savings exceeding 10% at favorable solar conditions, and CO 2 emission reduction approaching 50%. Parametric analysis shows that increased solar irradiance significantly improves environmental and economic outcomes, with economic feasibility achieved beyond ~ 472 W/m 2 average radiation. Exergy efficiency remains stable or slightly declines at high irradiance due to intensified off‑design irreversibilities. Optimal inlet water temperatures to the LCPV-CPC further enhance renewable contribution without notable thermodynamic penalties. The findings demonstrate a technically and economically viable pathway for sustainable tri‑generation in climates with strong solar resources and high cooling demand, offering a transferable optimization framework for future hybrid renewable–fossil energy applications in urban buildings.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-21338-2