Solar-assisted tri-generation system with LCPV‑CPC and small-scale gas turbine for year-round clean energy in hot-dry climates

This study develops, dynamically simulates, and optimizes an integrated tri‑generation system for year-round electricity, heating, and cooling supply under the hot-dry climatic conditions of Baghdad, Iraq. The proposed configuration couples a low‑concentration hybrid PV–compound parabolic concentrat...

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Vydáno v:	Scientific reports Ročník 15; číslo 1; s. 36464 - 23
Hlavní autoři:	Ben Hamida, Mohamed Bechir, Rasheed, Rassol Hamed, Singh, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran, Taghavi, Mohammad
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.10.2025 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Témata:	639/4077/4072 639/4077/909 639/4077/909/4101 Alternative energy sources Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Clean energy Clean energy technology Clean technology Climatic conditions Cooling Cooling systems Costs Economics Efficiency Electric rates Electricity Emissions Emissions control Energy conservation Energy consumption Energy transition Flexibility Gas turbines Greenhouse gases Heat exchangers Humanities and Social Sciences Hydrogen Low‑Concentration hybrid PV–Compound parabolic concentrator thermal multidisciplinary Natural gas Optimization algorithms Optimization techniques Reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm Renewable resources Science Science (multidisciplinary) Small‑Scale gas turbine generator Solar energy Solar radiation Systems stability Thermodynamics Tri‑Generation plant Turbines Water temperature Clean energy technology Low‑Concentration hybrid PV–Compound parabolic concentrator thermal Reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm Tri‑Generation plant Small‑Scale gas turbine generator
ISSN:	2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Popis
Shrnutí:	This study develops, dynamically simulates, and optimizes an integrated tri‑generation system for year-round electricity, heating, and cooling supply under the hot-dry climatic conditions of Baghdad, Iraq. The proposed configuration couples a low‑concentration hybrid PV–compound parabolic concentrator (LCPV-CPC) with dual small‑scale gas turbines, high- and low-grade water-source heat pumps, and an ammonia-water absorption chiller, coordinated through a following-electric-load (FEL) strategy. The primary objectives are to maximize primary energy savings, annual cost reduction, CO 2 emissions mitigation, and exergy efficiency by exploiting multi‑grade thermal integration and dispatch optimization. A methodological novelty lies in applying a Reference Vector Guided Evolutionary Algorithm (RVEA) with entropy‑weighted VIKOR analysis to achieve balanced trade‑offs among energy, economic, environmental, and thermodynamic criteria. Dynamic co‑simulation through Aspen HYSYS-MATLAB, validated against high‑quality experimental data, ensures predictive reliability. Results confirm substantial performance gains compared with a separate production facility: primary energy savings up to ~ 33%, annual cost savings exceeding 10% at favorable solar conditions, and CO 2 emission reduction approaching 50%. Parametric analysis shows that increased solar irradiance significantly improves environmental and economic outcomes, with economic feasibility achieved beyond ~ 472 W/m 2 average radiation. Exergy efficiency remains stable or slightly declines at high irradiance due to intensified off‑design irreversibilities. Optimal inlet water temperatures to the LCPV-CPC further enhance renewable contribution without notable thermodynamic penalties. The findings demonstrate a technically and economically viable pathway for sustainable tri‑generation in climates with strong solar resources and high cooling demand, offering a transferable optimization framework for future hybrid renewable–fossil energy applications in urban buildings.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-025-21338-2