Extremely wideband ridge gap waveguide-based 3-dB coupler using supershaped coupling apertures
This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula—a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minima...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports Jg. 15; H. 1; S. 39275 - 17 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
10.11.2025
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322, 2045-2322 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula—a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minimal computational effort-the proposed design enables efficient exploration of a wide design space. Furthermore, to ensure efficient excitation of the coupler across the entire operational bandwidth two novel transitions from RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide are designed. The proposed coupler achieves a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18–40 GHz range (covering both K and Ka bands), featuring a return loss better than 18 dB, a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, isolation exceeding 22 dB, and a significantly compact footprint of 0.8λg—substantially smaller than conventional designs. Simulation and measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its suitability for high-performance broadband applications in microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula—a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minimal computational effort-the proposed design enables efficient exploration of a wide design space. Furthermore, to ensure efficient excitation of the coupler across the entire operational bandwidth two novel transitions from RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide are designed. The proposed coupler achieves a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18–40 GHz range (covering both K and Ka bands), featuring a return loss better than 18 dB, a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, isolation exceeding 22 dB, and a significantly compact footprint of 0.8λg—substantially smaller than conventional designs. Simulation and measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its suitability for high-performance broadband applications in microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. Abstract This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula—a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minimal computational effort-the proposed design enables efficient exploration of a wide design space. Furthermore, to ensure efficient excitation of the coupler across the entire operational bandwidth two novel transitions from RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide are designed. The proposed coupler achieves a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18–40 GHz range (covering both K and Ka bands), featuring a return loss better than 18 dB, a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, isolation exceeding 22 dB, and a significantly compact footprint of 0.8λg—substantially smaller than conventional designs. Simulation and measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its suitability for high-performance broadband applications in microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula—a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minimal computational effort-the proposed design enables efficient exploration of a wide design space. Furthermore, to ensure efficient excitation of the coupler across the entire operational bandwidth two novel transitions from RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide are designed. The proposed coupler achieves a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18–40 GHz range (covering both K and Ka bands), featuring a return loss better than 18 dB, a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, isolation exceeding 22 dB, and a significantly compact footprint of 0.8λg—substantially smaller than conventional designs. Simulation and measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its suitability for high-performance broadband applications in microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula-a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minimal computational effort-the proposed design enables efficient exploration of a wide design space. Furthermore, to ensure efficient excitation of the coupler across the entire operational bandwidth two novel transitions from RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide are designed. The proposed coupler achieves a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18-40 GHz range (covering both K and Ka bands), featuring a return loss better than 18 dB, a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, isolation exceeding 22 dB, and a significantly compact footprint of 0.8λg-substantially smaller than conventional designs. Simulation and measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its suitability for high-performance broadband applications in microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems.This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula-a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minimal computational effort-the proposed design enables efficient exploration of a wide design space. Furthermore, to ensure efficient excitation of the coupler across the entire operational bandwidth two novel transitions from RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide are designed. The proposed coupler achieves a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18-40 GHz range (covering both K and Ka bands), featuring a return loss better than 18 dB, a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, isolation exceeding 22 dB, and a significantly compact footprint of 0.8λg-substantially smaller than conventional designs. Simulation and measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its suitability for high-performance broadband applications in microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. |
| ArticleNumber | 39275 |
| Author | Farahbakhsh, Ali Mrozowski, Michal Zarifi, Davood Saber, Ali Sabbaghi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Davood surname: Zarifi fullname: Zarifi, Davood email: davood.zarifi@pg.edu.pl organization: Department of Microwave and Antenna Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan – sequence: 2 givenname: Ali Sabbaghi surname: Saber fullname: Saber, Ali Sabbaghi organization: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan – sequence: 3 givenname: Ali surname: Farahbakhsh fullname: Farahbakhsh, Ali organization: Department of Microwave and Antenna Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Michal surname: Mrozowski fullname: Mrozowski, Michal organization: Department of Microwave and Antenna Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41214200$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kctu1TAQhi3UipbSF2CBIrFhE_BlnMsSqgKVKrEpWyxfJiFHOXGwY0rfHueklIpFvbFn5pt_xvpfkKPJT0jIK0bfMSqa9xGYbJuScllyQdu2hGfklFNYQ86PHr1PyHmMO5qP5C2w9jk5AcYZcEpPyffL30vAPY53xe3g0OjJFWFwPRa9notb_Qv7lPOl0RFdIUr3sbA-zSOGIsVh6ouYZgzxh55z-VBZkzkKSwoYX5LjTo8Rz-_vM_Lt0-XNxZfy-uvnq4sP16UF0SxlXdWtA6G5EdA0GhFYV1OgFLXUNVDQAnPsUCI1EmxtXdeCZahRdBaFOCNXm67zeqfmMOx1uFNeD-qQ8KFXOiyDHVExB10lK5C0MUB50zLe2MoYA2Cc6Fatt5vWHPzPhHFR-yFaHEc9oU9RCV7TWgrGVvTNf-jOpzDlnx6oCtZBmXp9TyWzR_ew3l8XMsA3wAYfY8DuAWFUrW6rzW2V3VYHt9WqKrammOGpx_Bv9hNdfwAMN6ri |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2991358 10.1109/TMTT.1969.1126957 10.1109/TAP.2011.2165477 10.1038/s41598-022-10960-z 10.1109/LMWC.2013.2296297 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968609 10.1109/MWSYM.1982.1130702 10.1109/LMWC.2019.2960475 10.1002/mop.30588 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2872009 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3544611 10.1080/03772063.2019.1627916 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2784801 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3002167 10.1109/TMTT.2019.2944598 10.1109/TAP.2021.3090832 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3275084 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3222796 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3074194 10.1109/TMTT.1984.1132816 10.1007/978-981-4560-44-3_130 10.1109/JRPROC.1952.274063 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2879438 10.3732/ajb.90.3.333 10.1109/TMTT.2025.3538622 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2815690 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2610421 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3404977 10.1002/mop.33418 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3559535 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2690298 10.1109/TMTT.2022.3186326 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2704523 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3201865 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2873312 10.1109/22.664134 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3416290 10.1049/iet-map.2015.0091 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2812698 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2025 2025. The Author(s). The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2025 – notice: 2025. The Author(s). – notice: The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | C6C AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88A 88E 88I 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M2P M7P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 DOA |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-025-23099-4 |
| DatabaseName | Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Biology Database (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Science Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Biological Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Science Database Biological Science Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE - Academic PubMed |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 2045-2322 |
| EndPage | 17 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_1d4f6564508b40289128c6bbb44bd3f3 41214200 10_1038_s41598_025_23099_4 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: National Science Centre, Poland grantid: UMO-2024/53/B/ST7/02112.; UMO-2024/53/B/ST7/02112.; UMO-2024/53/B/ST7/02112. – fundername: National Science Centre, Poland grantid: UMO-2024/53/B/ST7/02112. |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 4.4 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 88I 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AAKDD AASML ABDBF ABUWG ACGFS ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AEUYN AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU DIK DWQXO EBD EBLON EBS ESX FYUFA GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE KQ8 LK8 M1P M2P M7P M~E NAO OK1 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RNT RNTTT RPM SNYQT UKHRP AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7XB 88A 8FK K9. M48 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-7679d43a2b3488aee41f70400ea5a7404a3e704de5e0b54c7cdf94c1eae3fce33 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 0 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001614002900024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| IngestDate | Mon Nov 17 19:34:27 EST 2025 Tue Nov 11 20:32:04 EST 2025 Tue Nov 11 12:12:08 EST 2025 Fri Nov 14 01:40:53 EST 2025 Thu Nov 13 04:31:17 EST 2025 Tue Nov 11 01:10:25 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | 2025. The Author(s). |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c438t-7679d43a2b3488aee41f70400ea5a7404a3e704de5e0b54c7cdf94c1eae3fce33 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/1d4f6564508b40289128c6bbb44bd3f3 |
| PMID | 41214200 |
| PQID | 3270646564 |
| PQPubID | 2041939 |
| PageCount | 17 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_1d4f6564508b40289128c6bbb44bd3f3 proquest_miscellaneous_3270753113 proquest_journals_3270646564 pubmed_primary_41214200 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_23099_4 springer_journals_10_1038_s41598_025_23099_4 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-11-10 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-11-10 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2025 text: 2025-11-10 day: 10 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Scientific reports |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Sci Rep |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Sci Rep |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Nature Publishing Group UK – name: Nature Publishing Group – name: Nature Portfolio |
| References | S Khajevandi (23099_CR36) 2018; 17 M Simeoni (23099_CR29) 2011; 59 VS Bhaskar (23099_CR31) 2018; 17 J Gielis (23099_CR28) 2003; 90 SB Cohn (23099_CR1) 1984; MTT-32 M Taraji (23099_CR20) 2022; 68 K Yang (23099_CR34) 2022; 64 J-X Chen (23099_CR9) 2025; 35 H Oraizi (23099_CR3) 1998; 46 B Dai (23099_CR8) 2022; 70 SI Shams (23099_CR23) 2016; 64 Y Zhang (23099_CR4) 2014; 24 MMM Ali (23099_CR13) 2018; 6 MMM Ali (23099_CR15) 2022; 10 D Zarifi (23099_CR17) 2017; 59 MA Nasr (23099_CR18) 2020; 68 Z Niu (23099_CR7) 2019; 67 M Farahani (23099_CR11) 2017; 5 Z Zhao (23099_CR14) 2020; 30 D Zarifi (23099_CR35) 2024; 12 MA Nasr (23099_CR25) 2019; 67 DM Pozar (23099_CR27) 2021 A Khajevandi (23099_CR37) 2022; 12 M Nasri (23099_CR19) 2020; 8 P Enayati (23099_CR39) 2022; 10 V Basile (23099_CR32) 2020; 8 A Tayebi (23099_CR38) 2020; 69 23099_CR42 D Shen (23099_CR12) 2018; 6 P Bia (23099_CR30) 2015; 9 MA Nasr (23099_CR24) 2018; 66 SB Cohn (23099_CR26) 1952; 40 AU Zaman (23099_CR10) 2016 L Chen (23099_CR2) 2025; 35 P Mahdavi (23099_CR21) 2023; 11 M Rabbanifard (23099_CR22) 2024; 12 D Zarifi (23099_CR40) 2025; 73 J Helszajn (23099_CR41) 2020 NJG Fonseca (23099_CR5) 2021; 69 SI Shams (23099_CR16) 2017; 65 R Levy (23099_CR6) 1969; MTT-17 MH Gandomi (23099_CR33) 2021; 69 |
| References_xml | – volume: 8 start-page: 82929 year: 2020 ident: 23099_CR32 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2991358 – volume-title: Microwave Engineering year: 2021 ident: 23099_CR27 – volume: MTT-17 start-page: 289 year: 1969 ident: 23099_CR6 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.1969.1126957 – volume: 59 start-page: 4820 issue: 12 year: 2011 ident: 23099_CR29 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2011.2165477 – volume-title: Ridge Waveguides and Passive Microwave Components year: 2020 ident: 23099_CR41 – volume: 12 start-page: 1160 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 23099_CR37 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10960-z – volume: 24 start-page: 227 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: 23099_CR4 publication-title: IEEE Microw. Wireless Comp. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2013.2296297 – volume: 8 start-page: 17819 year: 2020 ident: 23099_CR19 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968609 – ident: 23099_CR42 doi: 10.1109/MWSYM.1982.1130702 – volume: 30 start-page: 156 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 23099_CR14 publication-title: IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2019.2960475 – volume: 59 start-page: 1597 issue: 7 year: 2017 ident: 23099_CR17 publication-title: Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. doi: 10.1002/mop.30588 – volume: 17 start-page: 2237 issue: 12 year: 2018 ident: 23099_CR31 publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2872009 – volume: 35 start-page: 541 issue: 5 year: 2025 ident: 23099_CR2 publication-title: IEEE Microw. Wireless Comp. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3544611 – volume: 68 start-page: 917 issue: 2 year: 2022 ident: 23099_CR20 publication-title: IETE J. Res. doi: 10.1080/03772063.2019.1627916 – volume: 6 start-page: 8501 year: 2018 ident: 23099_CR13 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2784801 – volume: 68 start-page: 3368 issue: 8 year: 2020 ident: 23099_CR18 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3002167 – volume: 67 start-page: 4733 issue: 12 year: 2019 ident: 23099_CR7 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2019.2944598 – volume: 69 start-page: 8214 issue: 12 year: 2021 ident: 23099_CR33 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3090832 – volume: 11 start-page: 46903 year: 2023 ident: 23099_CR21 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3275084 – volume: 10 start-page: 121924 year: 2022 ident: 23099_CR39 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3222796 – volume: 69 start-page: 3030 issue: 6 year: 2021 ident: 23099_CR5 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3074194 – volume: MTT-32 start-page: 1046 issue: 9 year: 1984 ident: 23099_CR1 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.1984.1132816 – volume-title: GAP Waveguides year: 2016 ident: 23099_CR10 doi: 10.1007/978-981-4560-44-3_130 – volume: 40 start-page: 696 issue: 6 year: 1952 ident: 23099_CR26 publication-title: Proc. IRE doi: 10.1109/JRPROC.1952.274063 – volume: 6 start-page: 66798 year: 2018 ident: 23099_CR12 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2879438 – volume: 90 start-page: 333 issue: 3 year: 2003 ident: 23099_CR28 publication-title: Am. J. Bot. doi: 10.3732/ajb.90.3.333 – volume: 73 start-page: 4709 issue: 8 year: 2025 ident: 23099_CR40 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2025.3538622 – volume: 69 start-page: 1 year: 2020 ident: 23099_CR38 publication-title: IETE J. Res. – volume: 66 start-page: 2757 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 23099_CR24 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2815690 – volume: 64 start-page: 4117 issue: 12 year: 2016 ident: 23099_CR23 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2610421 – volume: 12 start-page: 74777 year: 2024 ident: 23099_CR35 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3404977 – volume: 64 start-page: 2103 year: 2022 ident: 23099_CR34 publication-title: Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. doi: 10.1002/mop.33418 – volume: 35 start-page: 1009 issue: 7 year: 2025 ident: 23099_CR9 publication-title: IEEE Microw. Wireless Comp. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LMWT.2025.3559535 – volume: 65 start-page: 3849 issue: 10 year: 2017 ident: 23099_CR16 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2690298 – volume: 70 start-page: 3838 issue: 8 year: 2022 ident: 23099_CR8 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2022.3186326 – volume: 5 start-page: 9610 year: 2017 ident: 23099_CR11 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2704523 – volume: 10 start-page: 90706 year: 2022 ident: 23099_CR15 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3201865 – volume: 67 start-page: 86 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 23099_CR25 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2873312 – volume: 46 start-page: 331 year: 1998 ident: 23099_CR3 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. doi: 10.1109/22.664134 – volume: 12 start-page: 86346 year: 2024 ident: 23099_CR22 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3416290 – volume: 9 start-page: 1497 issue: 14 year: 2015 ident: 23099_CR30 publication-title: IET Microw. Antennas Propag. doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2015.0091 – volume: 17 start-page: 731 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 23099_CR36 publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2812698 |
| SSID | ssj0000529419 |
| Score | 2.4634812 |
| Snippet | This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth... Abstract This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional... |
| SourceID | doaj proquest pubmed crossref springer |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 39275 |
| SubjectTerms | 639/166 639/624 639/766 Bandwidths Design Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Musical performances Radar systems Satellite communications Science Science (multidisciplinary) |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Science Database dbid: M2P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELaggMSFd2GhICNxA6tJPKnXp6pFrbhQ9QBST1h-jFeVqk1INi3994yd7FaIxwXl5IciO9-MZzIznmHsna-c9lh5EWsEAUpF4UiuCFsXVkXvVBnHYhPq5GR-dqZPJ4NbP4VVrs_EfFCHxicb-a6sFElP0j5gv_0uUtWo5F2dSmjcZndIsylTSNfn6nRjY0leLCj1dFemkPPdnuRVulNW1YJ0b60F_CKPctr-P-mav_lJs_g5fvi_C3_EHkyKJz8YKeUxu4XLJ-zeWIry-in7dvRjlUyFF9f86jygs8vA810uvrAtv7KXuBioXySpF7gU4ZD7ZmgvsOMpdH7B-6FNIdG2peE8kjqp1SUXRf-MfT0--vLxk5hqLwgPcr4Sak_pANJWThKLW0Qoo0oMj7a2CgqwEqkdsMbC1eCVD1GDL9GijB6l3GZby2aJLxj3RVCVBawD0BO0xoq2obRWNDn6YsberxEw7Zhiw2TXuJybES9DeJmMl4EZO0wgbWam9Ni5o-kWZuI2UwaI6YuT9ukg-VJJCvs95xyACzLKGdtZY2Umnu3NDVAz9nYzTNyWXCh2ic0wzqEfvLKkVzwfSWOzEihT-rqC9vNhTSs3L__7hl7-ey2v2P0qkWuOPNxhW6tuwNfsrr9cnffdm0zvPwEwHAfT priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Extremely wideband ridge gap waveguide-based 3-dB coupler using supershaped coupling apertures |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-025-23099-4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41214200 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270646564 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270753113 https://doaj.org/article/1d4f6564508b40289128c6bbb44bd3f3 |
| Volume | 15 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001614002900024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrR1dixMxMOidgi_i51k9SwTfNNxukm02j1Z66MOVIgr1xZDPcnBsl273zvv3TpJtPVHxRRYG8rEhM5PsTHYmMwi9ttRI66klofKccCECMSBXiK4KLYI1ogw52YSYz-vlUi5upPqKPmE5PHAm3EnpeJjEkCdFbXg0i8EH1U6MMZwbx0KK81kIeeMwlaN6U8lLOdySKVh90oGkirfJaEVA65aS8F8kUQrY_yct8zcLaRI8pw_Q_UFjxO_yTB-iW755hO7mHJLXj9G32fdt_Md3cY2vzp03unE4XcLCK93iK33pVz3UkyiuHGbETbFd9-2F3-Do877CXd9GX2bdQnNqiZVQ2kTbQvcEfTmdfX7_gQxJE4jlrN4SMRHScaapYbA3tfe8DCLuVK8rLXjBNfNQdr7yham4FdYFyW3ptWfBesaeooNm3fhnCNvCCaq5rxyHx0npKaAhpBTQOdhihN7sCKjaHBtDJZs2q1UmtwJyq0RuxUdoGmm87xnjWqcK4LYauK3-xe0ROt5xSA2brVOMClCs4msj9GrfDNsk2j5049d97gMns7KEIY4yZ_cz4WWMO1cAPm93rP45-N8Rev4_EHqB7tG4JpNj4TE62G56_xLdsZfb824zRrfFUiRYj9HhdDZffBqnhQ7wjC4iFAAPFx_PFl9_AF30ABU |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LbxMxELaqAoIL70eggJHgBFZ37dk6PiBEoVWrlqiHIvWE8WujSlWyZJOG_Cl-IzO72VSIx60HtCc_ZNnrzzNjz4uxl0F6E5IMoiwSCNC6FB75inBF5nQZvM7LNtmEHgz6JyfmaI396HxhyKyyo4kNoY7jQG_km0pq5J4ofcC76pugrFGkXe1SaLSwOEiLOV7Z6rf7H3F_X0m5u3P8YU8sswqIAKo_FXpLmwjKSa8QvC4lyEtNUE6ucBoycCphOaYiZb6AoEMsDYQ8uaTKkOgBFEn-FaDIYmQqKI9WbzqkNYPcLH1zMtXfrJE_kg-bLATK-sYI-IX_NWkC_iTb_qaXbdjd7q3_7UfdZjeXgjV_356EO2wtje6ya22qzcU99mXn-5SeQs8WfH4ak3ejyBtfNT50FZ-78zScYb0grh65EnGbh_GsOksTTq4BQ17PKjL5dhU2Ny1UiaUJqWDq--zzpSzuAVsfjUfpEeMhi1o6SEUE_KIxSeIytDEaO5ch67HX3Y7bqg0hYhvVv-rbFh8W8WEbfFjosW0Cxaonhf9uKsaToV1SE5tHKGmHUbr2QLpilDLClvcewEdVqh7b6LBhlzSpthfA6LEXq2akJqQicqM0nrV98AKb5zjEwxaKq5lATuH5MlzPmw6bF4P_fUGP_z2X5-z63vGnQ3u4Pzh4wm5IOiqNleUGW59OZukpuxrOp6f15Flz1jj7etmY_QmYO2YC |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LbxMxELaqFBAX3tBAASPBCazs2t46PiBEaSOiQpQDSOWC8TOqVGW32WxD_hq_jvE-UiEetx7QnvyQ5Vl_nhl7ZjwIPbfUSOupJSHznHAhAjEgV4jOEi2CNSINTbIJMZkMj4_ldAv96GJholtlxxNrRu1yG-_IB4wKkJ6gffBBaN0ipgejN8UZiRmkoqW1S6fRQOTIr1dwfCtfjw9grV9QOjr89O49aTMMEMvZcEnEnpCOM00NAyBr73kaRIS115kWPOGaeSg7n_nEZNwK64LkNvXas2B9vAwF9r8NKjmnPbQ9HX-cftnc8EQbGk9lG6mTsOGgBGkZI9poRkDzl5LwX6RhnTTgT5rub1baWviNbv7Pv-0WutGq3Phts0duoy0_v4OuNkk413fR18Pvy3hJerrGqxPnjZ47XEex4Zku8Eqf-1kF9STKe4cZcfvY5lVx6hc4Bg3McFkV0RlcF9Bct8RKKC2icaa8hz5fCnH3UW-ez_0OwjZxgmruM8fhc1J6CmQIKQV0Djbpo5fd6quieVxE1U4BbKgarCjAiqqxongf7UeAbHrGh8HrinwxUy2fUanjIa426N2GRysy6B92zxjDuXEssD7a7XCiWm5VqguQ9NGzTTPwmWg80nOfV00fONqmKQzxoIHlZiY8jQ_3JUDPqw6nF4P_naCH_57LU3QNoKo-jCdHj9B1GndN7X65i3rLReUfoyv2fHlSLp60Gw-jb5cN2p8s0XBL |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extremely+wideband+ridge+gap+waveguide-based+3-dB+coupler+using+supershaped+coupling+apertures&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.au=Zarifi%2C+Davood&rft.au=Saber%2C+Ali+Sabbaghi&rft.au=Farahbakhsh%2C+Ali&rft.au=Mrozowski%2C+Michal&rft.date=2025-11-10&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39275&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-025-23099-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F41214200&rft.externalDocID=41214200 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |