Extremely wideband ridge gap waveguide-based 3-dB coupler using supershaped coupling apertures

This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula—a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minima...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 39275 - 17
Main Authors: Zarifi, Davood, Saber, Ali Sabbaghi, Farahbakhsh, Ali, Mrozowski, Michal
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 10.11.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
639/166
639/624
639/766
Bandwidths
Design
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Musical performances
Radar systems
Satellite communications
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:This paper introduces a novel broadband 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology designed using supershapes to achieve exceptional bandwidth while maintaining a compact footprint. By leveraging the superformula—a parametric model capable of generating complex geometries with minimal computational effort-the proposed design enables efficient exploration of a wide design space. Furthermore, to ensure efficient excitation of the coupler across the entire operational bandwidth two novel transitions from RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide are designed. The proposed coupler achieves a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18–40 GHz range (covering both K and Ka bands), featuring a return loss better than 18 dB, a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, isolation exceeding 22 dB, and a significantly compact footprint of 0.8λg—substantially smaller than conventional designs. Simulation and measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its suitability for high-performance broadband applications in microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-23099-4