Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time

Human activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on product...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Ecology (Durham) Jg. 102; H. 2; S. 1 - 11
Hauptverfasser:	Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc W., Collins, Scott L., Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E., Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., L. Moore, Joslin, Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Borer, Elizabeth T.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States John Wiley and Sons, Inc 01.02.2021 Ecological Society of America
Schlagworte:	Biodiversity Biomass community ecology Ecosystem ecosystem ecology, grasslands Ecosystems Grassland Grasslands humans Negative feedback Nitrogen Nitrogen - analysis NutNet Nutrient enrichment Nutrient loss nutrient network Nutrients Organic matter Phosphorus Plant diversity Productivity Soil Soil fertility Soil organic matter species diversity NutNet nutrient network biodiversity ecosystem ecology, grasslands community ecology
ISSN:	0012-9658, 1939-9170, 1939-9170
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Abstract	Human activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5–11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.
AbstractList	Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5-11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems. Human activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5–11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems. Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5-11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5-11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.
Author	McCulley, Rebecca L. Schuetz, Martin Fay, Philip A. Morgan, John W. Stevens, Carly J. Hagenah, Nicole Alberti, Juan Risch, Anita C. Isbell, Forest Knops, Johannes M. H. Buckley, Yvonne M. Harpole, W. Stanley Cadotte, Marc W. Hautier, Yann Prober, Suzanne M. Hobbie, Sarah E. Ohlert, Timothy Collins, Scott L. Komatsu, Kimberly J. Adler, Peter B. Firn, Jennifer MacDougall, Andrew L. Moore, Joslin Borer, Elizabeth T. Seabloom, Eric W. Dee, Laura Biederman, Lori Hector, Andy Laungani, Ramesh
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Snippet	Human activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands,... Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands,...
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SubjectTerms	Biodiversity Biomass community ecology Ecosystem ecosystem ecology, grasslands Ecosystems Grassland Grasslands humans Negative feedback Nitrogen Nitrogen - analysis NutNet Nutrient enrichment Nutrient loss nutrient network Nutrients Organic matter Phosphorus Plant diversity Productivity Soil Soil fertility Soil organic matter species diversity
Title	Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time
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