Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time

Human activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on product...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology (Durham) Jg. 102; H. 2; S. 1 - 11
Hauptverfasser: Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc W., Collins, Scott L., Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E., Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., L. Moore, Joslin, Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Borer, Elizabeth T.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States John Wiley and Sons, Inc 01.02.2021
Ecological Society of America
Schlagworte:
Biodiversity
Biomass
community ecology
Ecosystem
ecosystem ecology, grasslands
Ecosystems
Grassland
Grasslands
humans
Negative feedback
Nitrogen
Nitrogen - analysis
NutNet
Nutrient enrichment
Nutrient loss
nutrient network
Nutrients
Organic matter
Phosphorus
Plant diversity
Productivity
Soil
Soil fertility
Soil organic matter
species diversity
NutNet
nutrient network
biodiversity
ecosystem ecology, grasslands
community ecology
ISSN:0012-9658, 1939-9170, 1939-9170
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Zusammenfassung:Human activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5–11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.
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ISSN:0012-9658
1939-9170
1939-9170
DOI:10.1002/ecy.3218