A silver lining of neuroinflammation: Beneficial effects on myelination

Myelin accelerates action potential conduction velocity and provides essential energy support for axons. Unfortunately, myelin and myelinating cells are often vulnerable to injury or disease, resulting in myelin damage, which in turn can lead to axon dysfunction, overt pathology and neurological imp...

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Vydané v:	Experimental neurology Ročník 283; číslo Pt B; s. 550 - 559
Hlavní autori:	Goldstein, Evan Z., Church, Jamie S., Hesp, Zoe C., Popovich, Phillip G., McTigue, Dana M.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2016
Predmet:	Animals Cytokines Cytokines - metabolism Growth factors Humans Inflammation - etiology Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism Iron Macrophages Microglia Myelin Sheath - pathology Oligodendrocyte Oligodendroglia - pathology Peripheral nerve Progenitor Schwann cells Spinal cord injury Synaptic Transmission Trauma, Nervous System - complications Trauma, Nervous System - metabolism Trauma, Nervous System - pathology Peripheral nerve Oligodendrocyte Cytokines Schwann cells Iron Progenitor Macrophages Spinal cord injury Growth factors Microglia
ISSN:	0014-4886, 1090-2430, 1090-2430
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Myelin accelerates action potential conduction velocity and provides essential energy support for axons. Unfortunately, myelin and myelinating cells are often vulnerable to injury or disease, resulting in myelin damage, which in turn can lead to axon dysfunction, overt pathology and neurological impairment. Inflammation is a common component of trauma and disease in both the CNS and PNS and therefore an active inflammatory response is often considered deleterious to myelin health. While inflammation can certainly damage myelin, inflammatory processes also can positively affect oligodendrocyte lineage progression, myelin debris clearance, oligodendrocyte metabolism and myelin repair. In the periphery, inflammatory cascades can also augment myelin repair, including processes initiated by infiltrating immune cells as well as by local Schwann cells. In this review, various aspects of inflammation beneficial to myelin repair are discussed and should be considered when designing or implementing anti-inflammatory therapies for CNS and PNS injury involving myelinating cells.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0014-4886 1090-2430 1090-2430
DOI:	10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.001