Carnivores, culture and ‘contagious conflict’: Multiple factors influence perceived problems with carnivores in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape

•98.5% of pastoralists and agropastoralists around Ruaha had problems with wildlife.•Large carnivores were viewed as significantly more problematic than other species.•Depredation, religion and ethnicity all affected views towards carnivores.•There was a suggestion of ‘contagious conflict’ between d...

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Vydané v:	Biological conservation Ročník 178; s. 19 - 27
Hlavní autori:	Dickman, Amy J., Hazzah, Leela, Carbone, Chris, Durant, Sarah M
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2014 Elsevier
Predmet:	Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology attitudes and opinions Biological Biological and medical sciences carnivores Conservation Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Households Human-carnivore conflict Human-wildlife conflict human-wildlife relations humans interviews Landscapes Livestock national parks nationalities and ethnic groups natural resources conservation Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking Raw materials Recall Ruaha socioeconomics surveys Tanzania wildlife Wildlife conservation wildlife damage management East Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Tanzania Human-wildlife conflict Ruaha Human-carnivore conflict Conservation Human Landscape Conflict Tropical zone Wild life Carnivorous animal Culture Environmental protection
ISSN:	0006-3207, 1873-2917
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Shrnutí:	•98.5% of pastoralists and agropastoralists around Ruaha had problems with wildlife.•Large carnivores were viewed as significantly more problematic than other species.•Depredation, religion and ethnicity all affected views towards carnivores.•There was a suggestion of ‘contagious conflict’ between different groups of species.•Conflict mitigation strategies should be broad and aimed at a wide range of taxa. Resolving human-wildlife conflict is a conservation priority, but effective mitigation requires in-depth understanding of the complexity and relative importance of conflict drivers. We conducted 262 semi-structured interviews with villagers around Tanzania’s Ruaha National Park. The surveys provided data on respondents’ perceived problems with wildlife, knowledge, reported killing of carnivores, and their socio-economic characteristics. 98.5% of people perceived a problem with wildlife, and respondents viewed large carnivores as significantly more problematic than other species, due to the threats they posed to livestock and humans. Despite this, only 7.3% of people admitted to having killed any large carnivores. Depredation was widespread, having affected 61.1% of households, but was less important than other forms of stock loss – monthly recall data revealed 1.2% of stock were predated, compared to 9.1% lost to disease and 2.8% to theft. Although experience of depredation significantly predicted negative attitudes towards carnivores, it was not the most important factor. The study raises the possibility of ‘contagious conflict’, where perceived problems with one group of species were strongly associated with perceived problems with others. Furthermore, factors such as ethnic group and religious beliefs were significant predictors of perceived problems. This study suggests that effective conflict mitigation should involve measures to improve attitudes towards a broad range of species, rather than a single taxon, and that action should be taken to also address the social and cultural drivers of conflict, rather than merely focusing upon reducing wildlife damage.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0006-3207 1873-2917
DOI:	10.1016/j.biocon.2014.07.011