The two-train separation problem on non-level track—driving strategies that minimize total required tractive energy subject to prescribed section clearance times

•We formulate and solve a theoretical two-train separation problem on non-level track.•We find optimal driving strategies for the leading and following trains while maintaining safe separation.•We present examples to differentiate unrestricted optimal strategies and optimal strategies with safe sepa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Transportation research. Part B: methodological Vol. 111; pp. 135 - 167
Main Authors: Albrecht, Amie, Howlett, Phil, Pudney, Peter, Vu, Xuan, Zhou, Peng
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2018
Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects:
Automobile driving
Energy conservation
Energy efficiency
Intermediate time constraints
Optimal train control
Safety
Separation
Time management
Tractive energy minimization
Traffic accidents & safety
Train separation
Trains
Optimal train control
49K20
49N90
Intermediate time constraints
Train separation
49MO5
90B06
49K15
Tractive energy minimization
ISSN:0191-2615, 1879-2367
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:•We formulate and solve a theoretical two-train separation problem on non-level track.•We find optimal driving strategies for the leading and following trains while maintaining safe separation.•We present examples to differentiate unrestricted optimal strategies and optimal strategies with safe separation.•We show that the proposed strategies can be implemented with a three-aspect signalling system.•We show that the methods can be extended to separation of more than two trains. When two trains travel along the same track in the same direction it is a common safety requirement with three-aspect signalling that the trains must be separated by at least two signals if they wish to continue following the planned schedule. Under these separation conditions there will always be at least one clear section of track between the two trains. When these conditions are violated the following train must adopt a revised strategy that will enable it to stop at the next signal if required. In this paper we find necessary conditions on non-level track to minimize the total tractive energy required for both trains to complete their respective journeys within the allowed time subject to safety-compatible separation constraints in the form of a prescribed set of latest allowed section exit times for the leading train and a corresponding prescribed set of earliest allowed section entry times for the following train. We use classical methods of constrained optimzation to show that the optimal driving strategy for each train is defined by a unique optimal driving speed on each section and that the sequence of optimal driving speeds is a decreasing sequence for the leading train and an increasing sequence for the following train. We illustrate our results by finding optimal strategies and associated speed profiles for both the leading train and the following train in some elementary but realistic examples.
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ISSN:0191-2615
1879-2367
DOI:10.1016/j.trb.2018.03.012