Gulf Women and Anti-European Imperialism: Forgotten Gender Discourses in Interwar Iran's Shi'i Reformation Movement

Often treated as simply anti-modernism, a focus on three reformist figures with transnational intellectual ties-Shariat Sangelaji, Asadollah Kharaqani, and Muhammad Khalesizadeh-reveals how Iranian natives of the Gulf littoral contributed to reconstitute modern life by criticizing the global structu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Middle East critique Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 219 - 238
Main Authors: Moslehzadeh, Fatemeh, Blumi, Isa
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Routledge 03.04.2025
Subjects:
alternative modernity
Annan samhällsvetenskap
Asadollah Kharaqani
Filosofi, etik och religion
gender
Gender Studies
Genusstudier
genusvetenskap
Gulf
historia
History
History of Ideas
History of Religions
Humaniora och konst
Humanities and the Arts
idéhistoria
Iran
Iran and West
Liberalism
Mellanösterns språk och kulturer
Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures
Muhammad Khalesizadeh
Other Social Sciences
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion
Reform
Religionshistoria
Religionsvetenskap
Religious Studies
Samhällsvetenskap
Shariat Sangelaji
Shi'i reformists
Shi'ism
Social Sciences
Women
ISSN:1943-6149, 1943-6157, 1943-6157
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Often treated as simply anti-modernism, a focus on three reformist figures with transnational intellectual ties-Shariat Sangelaji, Asadollah Kharaqani, and Muhammad Khalesizadeh-reveals how Iranian natives of the Gulf littoral contributed to reconstitute modern life by criticizing the global structures of power arising with European imperialism. Blurring the dichotomy of modern/traditional, Iran and the West, these intellectuals with trans-regional scholarly connections combined different aspects of modernity with a reading of Islamic practice to offer a global model of resistance for Muslims. A version of this Shi'i empowerment in the face of growing changes in the larger world and at home mobilized discussions about women in Iran as the source of the necessary social cohesion during the anti-imperialist struggle. A challenge to normative portrayals of Islam (and religion more generally) as an impediment to progress, studying these three Gulf scholars' alternative modernity allows for identifying a campaign to free women from the consequences of their economic exploitation.
ISSN:1943-6149
1943-6157
1943-6157
DOI:10.1080/19436149.2025.2453318