Combined nitrogen limitation and cadmium stress stimulate total carbohydrates, lipids, protein and amino acid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae)

•Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to Cd under varying N concentrations.•Growth rate and cell density decreased with increasing Cd stress and N limitation.•Dry weight, chlorophyll a, total lipid, carbohydrate and protein were accumulated.•Amino acids like proline and glutamine were accumulated under N...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Aquatic toxicology Jg. 160; S. 87 - 95
Hauptverfasser:	Chia, Mathias Ahii, Lombardi, Ana Teresa, da Graça Gama Melão, Maria, Parrish, Christopher C.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.03.2015
Schlagworte:	amino acid composition Amino acids Amino Acids - metabolism Biochemical composition Biomass cadmium Cadmium - toxicity Carbohydrate Metabolism - drug effects carbohydrates chelation Chlorella vulgaris Chlorella vulgaris - cytology Chlorella vulgaris - drug effects Chlorella vulgaris - growth & development Chlorella vulgaris - metabolism chlorophyll Chlorophyll - metabolism glutamine growth retardation histidine Lipid Metabolism - drug effects lipids metabolism Microalgae nitrogen Nitrogen - metabolism Nitrogen - pharmacology nitrogen content Nutrients Phosphorus - pharmacology Physiology Plant Proteins - metabolism Principal Component Analysis proline proteins Stress, Physiological - drug effects toxicity trace elements Trace metals Trebouxiophyceae Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Nutrients Amino acids Biochemical composition Microalgae Physiology Trace metals
ISSN:	0166-445X, 1879-1514, 1879-1514
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Zusammenfassung:	•Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to Cd under varying N concentrations.•Growth rate and cell density decreased with increasing Cd stress and N limitation.•Dry weight, chlorophyll a, total lipid, carbohydrate and protein were accumulated.•Amino acids like proline and glutamine were accumulated under N and Cd stress.•Changes in amino acid composition are sensitive biomarkers for Cd and N stress. Metals have interactive effects on the uptake and metabolism of nutrients in microalgae. However, the effect of trace metal toxicity on amino acid composition of Chlorella vulgaris as a function of varying nitrogen concentrations is not known. In this research, C. vulgaris was used to investigate the influence of cadmium (10−7 and 2.0×10−8molL−1 Cd) under varying nitrogen (2.9×10−6, 1.1×10−5 and 1.1×10−3molL−1N) concentrations on its growth rate, biomass and biochemical composition. Total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, as well as individual amino acid proportions were determined. The combination of Cd stress and N limitation significantly inhibited growth rate and cell density of C. vulgaris. However, increasing N limitation and Cd stress stimulated higher dry weight and chlorophyll a production per cell. Furthermore, biomolecules like total proteins, carbohydrates and lipids increased with increasing N limitation and Cd stress. Ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids were accumulated under the stress conditions investigated in the present study. Amino acids involved in metal chelation like proline, histidine and glutamine were significantly increased after exposure to combined Cd stress and N limitation. We conclude that N limitation and Cd stress affects the physiology of C. vulgaris by not only decreasing its growth but also stimulating biomolecule production.
Bibliographie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0166-445X 1879-1514 1879-1514
DOI:	10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.002