Elucidating pathways to pediatric obesity: a study evaluating obesity polygenic risk scores related to appetitive traits in children

Obesity polygenic risk scores (PRS) explain substantial variation in body mass index (BMI), yet associations between PRSs and appetitive traits in children remain unclear. To better understand pathways leading to pediatric obesity, this study aimed to assess the association of obesity PRSs and appet...

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Published in:International Journal of Obesity Vol. 48; no. 1; pp. 71 - 77
Main Authors: Renier, Timothy J., Yeum, Dabin, Emond, Jennifer A., Lansigan, Reina K., Ballarino, Grace A., Carlson, Delaina D., Loos, Ruth J. F., Gilbert-Diamond, Diane
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Nature Publishing Group 01.01.2024
Subjects:
Adult
Appetite
Appetite - genetics
Body Mass Index
Body size
Child
Children
Eating behavior
Evaluation
Feeding Behavior
Genetic Risk Score
Humans
Obesity
Pediatric Obesity - epidemiology
Pediatric Obesity - genetics
Pediatrics
Polygenic inheritance
Quality control
Risk
Risk Factors
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
ISSN:0307-0565, 1476-5497, 1476-5497
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Abstract Obesity polygenic risk scores (PRS) explain substantial variation in body mass index (BMI), yet associations between PRSs and appetitive traits in children remain unclear. To better understand pathways leading to pediatric obesity, this study aimed to assess the association of obesity PRSs and appetitive traits. This study included 248 unrelated children aged 9-12 years. DNA from the children was genotyped (236 met quality control thresholds) and four weighted polygenic risk scores from previous studies were computed and standardized: a 97 SNP PRS, 266 SNP pediatric-specific PRS, 466 SNP adult-specific PRS, and ~2 million SNP PRS. Appetitive traits were assessed using a parent-completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, which evaluated food approach/avoidance traits and a composite obesogenic appetite score. BMI was directly measured and standardized by age and sex. Three associations were evaluated with linear regression: (1) appetitive traits and BMI, (2) PRSs and BMI, and (3) PRSs and appetitive traits, the primary association of interest. Expected positive associations were observed between obesogenic appetitive traits and BMI and all four PRSs and BMI. Examining the association between PRSs and appetitive traits, all PRSs except for the 466 SNP adult PRS were significantly associated with the obesogenic appetite score. Each standard deviation increase in the 266 SNP pediatric PRS was associated with an adjusted 2.1% increase in obesogenic appetite score (95% CI: 0.6%, 3.7%, p = 0.006). Significant partial mediation of the PRS-BMI association by obesogenic appetite score was found for these PRSs; for example, 21.3% of the association between the 266 SNP pediatric PRS and BMI was explained by the obesogenic appetite score. Genetic obesity risk significantly predicted appetitive traits, which partially mediated the association between genetic obesity risk and BMI in children. These findings build a clearer picture of pathways leading to pediatric obesity.
AbstractList Obesity polygenic risk scores (PRS) explain substantial variation in body mass index (BMI), yet associations between PRSs and appetitive traits in children remain unclear. To better understand pathways leading to pediatric obesity, this study aimed to assess the association of obesity PRSs and appetitive traits.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESObesity polygenic risk scores (PRS) explain substantial variation in body mass index (BMI), yet associations between PRSs and appetitive traits in children remain unclear. To better understand pathways leading to pediatric obesity, this study aimed to assess the association of obesity PRSs and appetitive traits.This study included 248 unrelated children aged 9-12 years. DNA from the children was genotyped (236 met quality control thresholds) and four weighted polygenic risk scores from previous studies were computed and standardized: a 97 SNP PRS, 266 SNP pediatric-specific PRS, 466 SNP adult-specific PRS, and ~2 million SNP PRS. Appetitive traits were assessed using a parent-completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, which evaluated food approach/avoidance traits and a composite obesogenic appetite score. BMI was directly measured and standardized by age and sex. Three associations were evaluated with linear regression: (1) appetitive traits and BMI, (2) PRSs and BMI, and (3) PRSs and appetitive traits, the primary association of interest.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis study included 248 unrelated children aged 9-12 years. DNA from the children was genotyped (236 met quality control thresholds) and four weighted polygenic risk scores from previous studies were computed and standardized: a 97 SNP PRS, 266 SNP pediatric-specific PRS, 466 SNP adult-specific PRS, and ~2 million SNP PRS. Appetitive traits were assessed using a parent-completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, which evaluated food approach/avoidance traits and a composite obesogenic appetite score. BMI was directly measured and standardized by age and sex. Three associations were evaluated with linear regression: (1) appetitive traits and BMI, (2) PRSs and BMI, and (3) PRSs and appetitive traits, the primary association of interest.Expected positive associations were observed between obesogenic appetitive traits and BMI and all four PRSs and BMI. Examining the association between PRSs and appetitive traits, all PRSs except for the 466 SNP adult PRS were significantly associated with the obesogenic appetite score. Each standard deviation increase in the 266 SNP pediatric PRS was associated with an adjusted 2.1% increase in obesogenic appetite score (95% CI: 0.6%, 3.7%, p = 0.006). Significant partial mediation of the PRS-BMI association by obesogenic appetite score was found for these PRSs; for example, 21.3% of the association between the 266 SNP pediatric PRS and BMI was explained by the obesogenic appetite score.RESULTSExpected positive associations were observed between obesogenic appetitive traits and BMI and all four PRSs and BMI. Examining the association between PRSs and appetitive traits, all PRSs except for the 466 SNP adult PRS were significantly associated with the obesogenic appetite score. Each standard deviation increase in the 266 SNP pediatric PRS was associated with an adjusted 2.1% increase in obesogenic appetite score (95% CI: 0.6%, 3.7%, p = 0.006). Significant partial mediation of the PRS-BMI association by obesogenic appetite score was found for these PRSs; for example, 21.3% of the association between the 266 SNP pediatric PRS and BMI was explained by the obesogenic appetite score.Genetic obesity risk significantly predicted appetitive traits, which partially mediated the association between genetic obesity risk and BMI in children. These findings build a clearer picture of pathways leading to pediatric obesity.CONCLUSIONSGenetic obesity risk significantly predicted appetitive traits, which partially mediated the association between genetic obesity risk and BMI in children. These findings build a clearer picture of pathways leading to pediatric obesity.
Obesity polygenic risk scores (PRS) explain substantial variation in body mass index (BMI), yet associations between PRSs and appetitive traits in children remain unclear. To better understand pathways leading to pediatric obesity, this study aimed to assess the association of obesity PRSs and appetitive traits.This study included 248 unrelated children aged 9–12 years. DNA from the children was genotyped (236 met quality control thresholds) and four weighted polygenic risk scores from previous studies were computed and standardized: a 97 SNP PRS, 266 SNP pediatric-specific PRS, 466 SNP adult-specific PRS, and ~2 million SNP PRS. Appetitive traits were assessed using a parent-completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, which evaluated food approach/avoidance traits and a composite obesogenic appetite score. BMI was directly measured and standardized by age and sex. Three associations were evaluated with linear regression: (1) appetitive traits and BMI, (2) PRSs and BMI, and (3) PRSs and appetitive traits, the primary association of interest.Expected positive associations were observed between obesogenic appetitive traits and BMI and all four PRSs and BMI. Examining the association between PRSs and appetitive traits, the 266 SNP pediatric and ~2 million SNP PRSs were significantly associated with the obesogenic appetite score. Each standard deviation increase in the 266 SNP pediatric PRS was associated with an adjusted 2.4% increase in obesogenic appetite score (95% CI: 0.6%, 4.3%, p =0.011). Significant partial mediation of the PRS-BMI association by obesogenic appetite score was found for these PRSs; for example, 18.9% of the association between the 266 SNP pediatric PRS and BMI was explained by the obesogenic appetite score.Genetic obesity risk significantly predicted appetitive traits, which partially mediated the association between genetic obesity risk and BMI in children. These findings build a clearer picture of pathways leading to pediatric obesity.
Obesity polygenic risk scores (PRS) explain substantial variation in body mass index (BMI), yet associations between PRSs and appetitive traits in children remain unclear. To better understand pathways leading to pediatric obesity, this study aimed to assess the association of obesity PRSs and appetitive traits. This study included 248 unrelated children aged 9-12 years. DNA from the children was genotyped (236 met quality control thresholds) and four weighted polygenic risk scores from previous studies were computed and standardized: a 97 SNP PRS, 266 SNP pediatric-specific PRS, 466 SNP adult-specific PRS, and ~2 million SNP PRS. Appetitive traits were assessed using a parent-completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, which evaluated food approach/avoidance traits and a composite obesogenic appetite score. BMI was directly measured and standardized by age and sex. Three associations were evaluated with linear regression: (1) appetitive traits and BMI, (2) PRSs and BMI, and (3) PRSs and appetitive traits, the primary association of interest. Expected positive associations were observed between obesogenic appetitive traits and BMI and all four PRSs and BMI. Examining the association between PRSs and appetitive traits, all PRSs except for the 466 SNP adult PRS were significantly associated with the obesogenic appetite score. Each standard deviation increase in the 266 SNP pediatric PRS was associated with an adjusted 2.1% increase in obesogenic appetite score (95% CI: 0.6%, 3.7%, p = 0.006). Significant partial mediation of the PRS-BMI association by obesogenic appetite score was found for these PRSs; for example, 21.3% of the association between the 266 SNP pediatric PRS and BMI was explained by the obesogenic appetite score. Genetic obesity risk significantly predicted appetitive traits, which partially mediated the association between genetic obesity risk and BMI in children. These findings build a clearer picture of pathways leading to pediatric obesity.
Author Emond, Jennifer A.
Loos, Ruth J. F.
Gilbert-Diamond, Diane
Renier, Timothy J.
Yeum, Dabin
Ballarino, Grace A.
Carlson, Delaina D.
Lansigan, Reina K.
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37736781$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Author Contributions: DGD, JAE, and RKL contributed to the study concept and design. TJR, DGD, JAE, and DY contributed to statistical analysis. TJR drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to data acquisition, analysis, or interpretation, and critically reviewed and approved this manuscript. DGD obtained funding. RKL, GAB, and DDC provided administrative, technical, or material support.
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– reference: 40999199 - Int J Obes (Lond). 2025 Sep 25. doi: 10.1038/s41366-025-01810-9.
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Snippet Obesity polygenic risk scores (PRS) explain substantial variation in body mass index (BMI), yet associations between PRSs and appetitive traits in children...
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StartPage 71
SubjectTerms Adult
Appetite
Appetite - genetics
Body Mass Index
Body size
Child
Children
Eating behavior
Evaluation
Feeding Behavior
Genetic Risk Score
Humans
Obesity
Pediatric Obesity - epidemiology
Pediatric Obesity - genetics
Pediatrics
Polygenic inheritance
Quality control
Risk
Risk Factors
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Title Elucidating pathways to pediatric obesity: a study evaluating obesity polygenic risk scores related to appetitive traits in children
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