National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications

•We introduce the concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSEs).•We review approaches to measuring entrepreneurship in countries.•We propose a novel index method for profiling NSEs.•We report this GEDI index data for 88 countries.•We propose an approach to using this index in entrepreneursh...

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Veröffentlicht in:Research policy Jg. 43; H. 3; S. 476 - 494
Hauptverfasser: Ács, Zoltán J., Autio, Erkko, Szerb, László
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.04.2014
Elsevier Sequoia S.A
Schlagworte:
Action
Contextual analysis
Distinctive features
Economic development
Entrepreneurship
Index methodology
Individual differences
Innovations
Institution building
Institutions
Literary characters
Measurement
Methodology
National systems
National Systems of Innovation
Penalty for Bottleneck
Principles
Research methodology
Resource allocation
Small and medium sized enterprises
Studies
Systems of Entrepreneurship
Ventures
Systems of Entrepreneurship
Index methodology
National Systems of Innovation
Economic development
Institutions
Penalty for Bottleneck
ISSN:0048-7333, 1873-7625
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Zusammenfassung:•We introduce the concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSEs).•We review approaches to measuring entrepreneurship in countries.•We propose a novel index method for profiling NSEs.•We report this GEDI index data for 88 countries.•We propose an approach to using this index in entrepreneurship policy analysis. We introduce a novel concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship and provide an approach to characterizing them. National Systems of Entrepreneurship are fundamentally resource allocation systems that are driven by individual-level opportunity pursuit, through the creation of new ventures, with this activity and its outcomes regulated by country-specific institutional characteristics. In contrast with the institutional emphasis of the National Systems of Innovation frameworks, where institutions engender and regulate action, National Systems of Entrepreneurship are driven by individuals, with institutions regulating who acts and the outcomes of individual action. Building on these principles, we also introduce a novel index methodology to characterize National Systems of Entrepreneurship. The distinctive features of the methodology are: (1) systemic approach, which allows interactions between components of National Systems of Entrepreneurship; (2) the Penalty for Bottleneck feature, which identifies bottleneck factors that hold back system performance; (3) contextualization, which recognizes that national entrepreneurship processes are always embedded in a given country's institutional framework.
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ISSN:0048-7333
1873-7625
DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2013.08.016