Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that has a typical onset in adolescence and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which can have severe consequences for the patient. Problems faced by patients with narcolepsy include social stigma associated with this disease, difficulties in obta...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature reviews. Disease primers Jg. 3; H. 1; S. 16100
Hauptverfasser: Kornum, Birgitte R., Knudsen, Stine, Ollila, Hanna M., Pizza, Fabio, Jennum, Poul J., Dauvilliers, Yves, Overeem, Sebastiaan
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 09.02.2017
Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:
631/378/1385/519
692/617/375/1816
Adjuvants, Anesthesia - pharmacology
Adjuvants, Anesthesia - therapeutic use
Benzhydryl Compounds - pharmacology
Benzhydryl Compounds - therapeutic use
Biomarkers - analysis
Cancer Research
Cataplexy - complications
Cataplexy - etiology
Epidemiology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - epidemiology
HLA-DQ beta-Chains - analysis
Humans
Hypothalamus
Hypotheses
Internal Medicine
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Narcolepsy - complications
Narcolepsy - epidemiology
Narcolepsy - physiopathology
Neurons and Cognition
Orexins - deficiency
Pathogenesis
primer
Quality of Life - psychology
Quality of Life Research
Risk Factors
Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors - pharmacology
Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Sleep disorders
Sleep Wake Disorders - complications
Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology
Sodium Oxybate - pharmacology
Sodium Oxybate - therapeutic use
Wakefulness-Promoting Agents - pharmacology
Wakefulness-Promoting Agents - therapeutic use
ISSN:2056-676X, 2056-676X
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that has a typical onset in adolescence and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which can have severe consequences for the patient. Problems faced by patients with narcolepsy include social stigma associated with this disease, difficulties in obtaining an education and keeping a job, a reduced quality of life and socioeconomic consequences. Two subtypes of narcolepsy have been described (narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2), both of which have similar clinical profiles, except for the presence of cataplexy, which occurs only in patients with narcolepsy type 1. The pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 is hypothesized to be the autoimmune destruction of the hypocretin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus; this hypothesis is supported by immune-related genetic and environmental factors associated with the disease. However, direct evidence in support of the autoimmune hypothesis is currently unavailable. Diagnosis of narcolepsy encompasses clinical, electrophysiological and biological evaluations, but simpler and faster procedures are needed. Several medications are available for the symptomatic treatment of narcolepsy, all of which have quite good efficacy and safety profiles. However, to date, no treatment hinders or slows disease development. Improved diagnostic tools and increased understanding of the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 are needed and might lead to therapeutic or even preventative interventions. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness. This Primer by Kornum and colleagues primarily focuses on narcolepsy type 1 (also known as narcolepsy with cataplexy), which is believed to be caused by the autoimmune-mediated loss of hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus.
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ISSN:2056-676X
2056-676X
DOI:10.1038/nrdp.2016.100