Short-range human cortico-cortical white matter fibers have thinner axons and are less myelinated compared to long-range fibers despite a similar g-ratio

The size and complexity of the human brain require optimally sized and myelinated fibers. White matter fibers facilitate fast communication between distant areas, but also connect adjacent cortical regions via short association fibers. The difference in length and packing density of long and short a...

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Vydáno v:PLoS biology Ročník 23; číslo 8; s. e3002906
Hlavní autoři: Ruthig, Philip, von der Planitz, David Edler, Morozova, Maria, Reimann, Katja, Jäger, Carsten, Reinert, Tilo, Mohammadi, Siawoosh, Weiskopf, Nikolaus, Kirilina, Evgeniya, Morawski, Markus
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States Public Library of Science 01.08.2025
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:
Adult
Axons
Axons - physiology
Axons - ultrastructure
Brain
Brain architecture
Cerebral Cortex - ultrastructure
Corpus callosum
Corpus Callosum - ultrastructure
Deep learning
Diameters
Female
Fibers
G ratio
Humans
Hypotheses
Long fibers
Male
Microscopic analysis
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Middle Aged
Myelin
Myelin Sheath - metabolism
Myelin Sheath - physiology
Myelin Sheath - ultrastructure
Myelination
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - physiology
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - ultrastructure
Optimization
Packing density
Semantics
Short fibers
Substantia alba
Thickness
Two dimensional analysis
White Matter - physiology
White Matter - ultrastructure
ISSN:1545-7885, 1544-9173, 1545-7885
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Popis
Shrnutí:The size and complexity of the human brain require optimally sized and myelinated fibers. White matter fibers facilitate fast communication between distant areas, but also connect adjacent cortical regions via short association fibers. The difference in length and packing density of long and short association fibers pose different requirements on their optimal size and degree of myelination. The fundamental questions of (i) how thick the short association fibers are and (ii) how strongly they are myelinated as compared to long fibers, however, remain unanswered. We present a comprehensive two-dimensional transmission electron microscopic analysis of ~400,000 fibers of human white matter regions with long (corpus callosum) and short fibers (superficial white matter). Using a deep learning approach, we demonstrate a substantially higher fiber diameter and higher myelination thickness (both approximately 25% higher) in corpus callosum than in superficial white matter. Surprisingly, we do not find a difference in the ratio between axon diameter and myelin thickness (g-ratio), which is close to the theoretically optimal value of ~0.6 in both areas (0.54). This work reveals a fundamental principle of brain organization that provides a key foundation for understanding the human brain.
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ISSN:1545-7885
1544-9173
1545-7885
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002906