Low-dose mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine generates durable memory enhanced by cross-reactive T cells

Vaccine-specific CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell, binding antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses to the 25-μg Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 vaccine were examined over the course of 7 months after immunization, including in multiple age groups, with a particular interest in assessing whether preexi...

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Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 374; no. 6566; p. eabj9853
Main Authors: Mateus, Jose, Dan, Jennifer M, Zhang, Zeli, Rydyznski Moderbacher, Carolyn, Lammers, Marshall, Goodwin, Benjamin, Sette, Alessandro, Crotty, Shane, Weiskopf, Daniela
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 22.10.2021
Subjects:
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antibodies, Viral - blood
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Cross Reactions
Humans
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Immunologic Memory
Middle Aged
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Vaccination
Young Adult
ISSN:1095-9203, 1095-9203
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Vaccine-specific CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell, binding antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses to the 25-μg Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 vaccine were examined over the course of 7 months after immunization, including in multiple age groups, with a particular interest in assessing whether preexisting cross-reactive T cell memory affects vaccine-generated immunity. Vaccine-generated spike-specific memory CD4 T cells 6 months after the second dose of the vaccine were comparable in quantity and quality to COVID-19 cases, including the presence of T follicular helper cells and interferon-γ–expressing cells. Spike-specific CD8 T cells were generated in 88% of subjects, with equivalent memory at 6 months post-boost compared with COVID-19 cases. Lastly, subjects with preexisting cross-reactive CD4 T cell memory exhibited stronger CD4 T cell and antibody responses to the vaccine, demonstrating the biological relevance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–cross-reactive CD4 T cells.
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ISSN:1095-9203
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.abj9853