An Integrated Method Using a Convolutional Autoencoder, Thresholding Techniques, and a Residual Network for Anomaly Detection on Heritage Roof Surfaces

The roofs of heritage buildings are subject to long-term degradation, resulting in poor heat insulation, heat regulation, and water leakage prevention. Researchers have predominantly employed feature-based traditional machine learning methods or individual deep learning techniques for the detection...

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Vydané v:	Buildings (Basel) Ročník 14; číslo 9; s. 2828
Hlavní autori:	Zhang, Yongcheng, Kong, Liulin, Antwi-Afari, Maxwell Fordjour, Zhang, Qingzhi
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2024
Predmet:	Accuracy Algorithms Anomalies Architecture Artificial intelligence Buildings Case studies Classification Computer vision Cracks Cultural heritage Damage detection Damage prevention Deep learning detection and evaluation Drone aircraft Efficiency heritage buildings Historic buildings & sites Historic preservation Historical buildings Insulation Machine learning Masonry Methods Neural networks Protection and preservation Remodeling, restoration, etc Repair & maintenance roof damage Roofing Roofs Semantics UAV Unmanned aerial vehicles Vision systems Water damage Germany
ISSN:	2075-5309, 2075-5309
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Shrnutí:	The roofs of heritage buildings are subject to long-term degradation, resulting in poor heat insulation, heat regulation, and water leakage prevention. Researchers have predominantly employed feature-based traditional machine learning methods or individual deep learning techniques for the detection of natural deterioration and human-made damage on the surfaces of heritage building roofs for preservation. Despite their success, balancing accuracy, efficiency, timeliness, and cost remains a challenge, hindering practical application. The paper proposes an integrated method that employs a convolutional autoencoder, thresholding techniques, and a residual network to automatically detect anomalies on heritage roof surfaces. Firstly, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were employed to collect the image data of the heritage building roofs. Subsequently, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system was developed to detect, extract, and classify anomalies on heritage roof surfaces by integrating a convolutional autoencoder, threshold techniques, and residual networks (ResNets). A heritage building project was selected as a case study. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach improved the detection accuracy and efficiency when compared with a single detection method. The proposed method addresses certain limitations of existing approaches, especially the reliance on extensive data labeling. It is anticipated that this approach will provide a basis for the formulation of repair schemes and timely maintenance for preventive conservation, enhancing the actual benefits of heritage building restoration.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ISSN:	2075-5309 2075-5309
DOI:	10.3390/buildings14092828