microRNAs in action: biogenesis, function and regulation

Ever since microRNAs (miRNAs) were first recognized as an extensive gene family >20 years ago, a broad community of researchers was drawn to investigate the universe of small regulatory RNAs. Although core features of miRNA biogenesis and function were revealed early on, recent years continue to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature reviews. Genetics Vol. 24; no. 12; pp. 816 - 833
Main Authors: Shang, Renfu, Lee, Seungjae, Senavirathne, Gayan, Lai, Eric C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.12.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/337/505
631/535
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biosynthesis
Cancer Research
CRISPR
Electron microscopy
Gene Function
Human Genetics
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
miRNA
Review Article
Transcriptome
Transcriptomes
ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Ever since microRNAs (miRNAs) were first recognized as an extensive gene family >20 years ago, a broad community of researchers was drawn to investigate the universe of small regulatory RNAs. Although core features of miRNA biogenesis and function were revealed early on, recent years continue to uncover fundamental information on the structural and molecular dynamics of core miRNA machinery, how miRNA substrates and targets are selected from the transcriptome, new avenues for multilevel regulation of miRNA biogenesis and mechanisms for miRNA turnover. Many of these latest insights were enabled by recent technological advances, including massively parallel assays, cryogenic electron microscopy, single-molecule imaging and CRISPR–Cas9 screening. Here, we summarize the current understanding of miRNA biogenesis, function and regulation, and outline challenges to address in the future. In this Review, the authors describe how the application of new technologies to the microRNA (miRNA) field has yielded key insights into miRNA biology. The authors summarize our current understanding of miRNA biogenesis, function and processing, and highlight challenges to address in future research.
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ISSN:1471-0056
1471-0064
1471-0064
DOI:10.1038/s41576-023-00611-y